What happens if the enzyme is active at alkaline, but not at acidic pH? ... Acid-base properties of amino acids side chains. Same pKa ... H+ in solution is H. 3. O+ ...
Basic equations: effect of pH Analyzing the pH dependence of enzymatic reactions may be useful: To understand the mechanism To understand the enzyme’s function in the organism
Stomach pepsin
Liver Glucose-6-phosphatase
Basic equations: effect of pH The questions:
1. Which equation should we use to fit the experimental data?
The protonated enzyme is fully active
We call it E
2. What repreents the « pKa »? 100
Vi
80 60
The de-protonated enzyme is inactive
40
We call it EH
20
3
4
5
6
7 pH
8
9
10
pH +
S
ES H+
H+ Ka1
No reaction
80
Vi
E
100
60 40
Ka2
20 0 3
4
5
6
7 pH
EH +
S
k1
EHS
k2
E + products
k-1
How to derive the Michaelis equation? Usual hypothesis initial rates mass conservation (with [S] >>[E], so [S]total = [S]free) [E]total = sum of all forms of E Steady-state [ES]=constant NOTE THAT pH=-log of FREE |H+]
8
9
10
pH E+ S
ES H+
H+ Ka1 EH+ +
S
k1
No reaction
Ka2 EHS+
k2
k-1
[E]total = sum of all forms of E [E]total = [E] + [EH+] + [ES] + [ESH+] [H+] [E] Ka1= -----------[EH+] [H+]
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May 23, 2018 - Possible Dirac masses creation. The velocity is not Lipschitz continuous, the characteristic method cannot be used. B. Fabr`eges. Aggregation ...
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The core of modern macroeconomics lies in the concept of equilibrium, which is usually expressed as a system of plausibly nonâlinear equations which can.Missing:
