(A )

E E L T A G G IN G ) re s m d e c a

V a lid a t io n o f v is ib le im p la n t e la s t o m e r ( V I E ) f o r in d iv id u a l t a g g in g o f s m a ll E u r o p e a n e e ls H é lè n e I M B E R T , L a u r e n t B E A U L A T O N

v ie w o f te s a ll s iz e a n v e lo p e d fo p tu re -re c a

te im r p

d m a ls , la r g tu re

e th o d ty p ic e r in s tu d

s fo a lly d iv id y fo

r e x te 6 0 to u a ls c u s e d

rn 2 0 (2 o

a l a n d in te 0 m m to ta l ) o r d o n o n e e l in d iv id

T a g g in g m e t h o d

(B )

rn le t u

a l ta g n g th a llo w a l m o

g in (1 ). e x v e m

g o M o te rn e n

, C h r is t ia n R I G A U D

a n d P ie r r e E L I E

f e e ls r e v e a ls a la c k fo r in d iv id u a l id e n tific a tio n o f s t in d iv id u a l ta g g in g te c h n iq u e s o n e e ls h a v e b e e n a l in d iv id u a l id e n tific a tio n , w h ic h is e s s e n tia l fo r ts .

f o r e e ls b e t w e e n 6 0

a n d

2 4 0

m m

H é lè n e IM B E R T h e le n e .im b e r t@ c e m a g r e f.fr

F i g . 2 : P o s itio n o f a s in g le r e d V I E ta g

?  

O b j e c t i v e : V IE w a s e v a lu a te d in th e la b o r a to r y a s a m e th o d fo r th e in d iv id u a l ta g g in g o f s m a ll E u r o p e a n e e l A . a n g u illa .

F i g . 1 : V I E ta g p o s it io n 6 V IE ta g s o n m e d iu m e e l ( A ) 3 V I E t a g s o n s m a ll e e l ( B )

A n u s

A n u s

C r i t e r i a : It s h o u ld n o t a ffe c t g r o w th , s u r v iv a l, b e h a v io u r o r c a p tu r e p r o b a b ility o f ta g g e d in d iv id u a ls , w h ile th e ta g s s h o u ld b e r e a d a b le a n d r e ta in e d fo r th e d u r a tio n o f th e s tu d y ( 3 )

E e l fr o m 5 9 to 1 3 9 m m

M a t e r ia l 1 4 h 0 0 : I n tr o d u c tio n o f e e ls c lo s e d tr a p s

F ig . 6

U n ta g g e d 1 ta g 3 ta g s

E e l fr o m 1 4 0 to 2 4 0 m m R iv e r w a te r

O b s e r v a tio lo c o m o to r b d e p e n d in g o n u m b

F i g . 3 : P r e p a r a tio n o f V IE b e fo r e in je c t io n

n o f e e l e h a v io u r n V IE ta g e r

V is ib le Im p la n t E la s to m E la s to m e r m a te r ia l w ith e S e v e r a l c o lo u r s a v a ila b le F lu o r e s c e n c e u n d e r U . V . Is in je c t e d in t o tr a n s p a r e n b y a h y p e r d e r m ic s y r in g e M a rk e te d b y N o rth w e s t M

F i g . 4 : I n je c tio n o f a V IE t a g

R e d

O r a n g e

Y e llo w

e r (V IE ) x te r n a l v is ib ilit y lig h t ( F ig . 5 ) t b o d y lo c a tio n o f t h e a n im a l

F i g . 5 : V I E t a g f lu o r e s c e n c e u n d e r U .V .

a r in e T e c h n o lo g y , IN C . ( 4 )

1 h o u r ( e e l a c c lim a ta tio n )

1 5 h 0 0 : T r a p o p e n in g

M e t h o d s R iv e r w a te r

S i n g l e t a g g i n g ( F ig .2 a n d 3 ) :  T e s t o f 4 c o lo u r s ( y e llo w , o r a n g e , r e d a n d g r e e n ) o n 2 3 0 s m a ll e e ls fr o m

5 9 to 1 5 8 m m 3 h o u r s ( e e l d is tr ib u tio n in 3 c o m p a r tm e n ts )

1 8 h 0 0 : C o lle c tio n o f 3 e e l g r o u p s

R iv e r w a te r

U p s tre a m

tr a p

M id d le

D o w n s tr e a m tra p

fo r 1 5 0 d a y s , fr o m

S e p te m b e r 2 0 0 5 to F e b ru a ry 2 0 0 5 .

M u l t i p l e t a g g i n g ( F ig .1 , 4 a n d 5 ) : T e s t o f 3 ta g s o n 5 8 s m a ll e e ls ( 6 5 to 1 1 2 m m ) a n d 6 ta g s o n 2 7 e e ls ( 1 6 0 to 2 4 0 m m ) fo r 1 2 8 d a y s , fr o m

m e d iu m

O n c o n e b e tw c o m

E e l m a in t e n a n c e

e a e x p e e n p a re

m o n th e r ie n c b o th d u s in

, e e e d re a g P

l to ta l le a n d th e d e rs . S u e a r s o n 's

n g th o th e r v iv a a ? ²

w a r in l b te s

T a g g in g im p a c t o n b e h a v io u r

W e e E e ls o f ta d o w n e ffe c

x p e r im e n ta lly o b s e r v w e r e s e p a r a te d in tw g n u m b e r (3 V IE , 1 s tr e a m tr a p o r in th e t o n lo c o m o to r b e h a v

e d lo c o m o s iz e c V IE o r m id d le io u r w a s

D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 4 to A p r il 2 0 0 5 .

s m e a s u r e d a n d V IE c o d e w a s r e c o r d e d b y tw o in d e p e n d a n t r e a d e r s : e x p e r ie n c e d . R e a d a b ility w a s e s tim a te d b y p e r c e n ta g e o f a g r e e m e n t e tw e e n e a c h c o lo u r ta g g e d g r o u p s a n d a ls o w ith u n ta g g e d e e ls w a s t. ( F ig .6 ) o to r b e h a v io la s s ( s m a ll a n n o n e ) o n th e o f th e ta n k ), te s te d u s in g

u r o f 4 1 4 e e ls fr o m 6 2 to d m e d iu m e e ls ) to a v o id e e l s p a tia l d is tr ib u tio n d e p e n d in g o n ta g a g e ( 3 a n o n - p a r a m e tr ic K r u s k a

2 1 4 c a n ( i.e . h o u l- W a

m m n ib in rs llis

in 6 flu a lis m . W th e u p s o r 6 m o te s t.

m e ta n k s . e te s te d th e e ffe c t tr e a m tr a p , in th e n th s ). T a g n u m b e r

R e s u lt s T a g

r e t e n t io n

T a g

r e a d ib ilit y

S u r v iv a l ? ?

S u r v iv a l w a n d u n ta g A t th e e n s in g le ta g ( T a b le s 1

T a g r e te n tio n w a s 9 8 .9 % fo r s in g le ta g g in g ( n = 1 8 4 ) a n d 1 0 0 % fo r m u lt ip le ta g g in g ( n = 1 9 8 ) ( T a b le s 1 a n d 2 ) . T a b l e 1 . C h a r a c t e r is t ic s o f s in g le V I E t a g g e d e e ls . D a t a a n a ly s is w e r e s ta r te d 1 9 d a y s a fte r ta g g in g , s in c e s u r v iv a l w a s d is to r te d b y c a n n ib a lis m a r t e f a c t d u r in g t h is p e r io d .

U t ilis a t io n

o f 4

T a g q u a lit y : V E R Y

o b s e r v e d

C o n c lu s io n

O t h e r c o lo u r s a n d p o s it io n s c o u ld b e t e s t e d in o r d e r t o f u r t h e r in c r e a s e t h e n u m b e r o f p o s s ib le in d iv id u a l c o d e s .

P o s s ib ility o f In d iv id u a l s u r v e y o f e e l m o v e m e n ts a n d p o p u la tio n d is p e r s a l in th e fie ld (5 ) A d v e c tio n ?

C h a lle n g e s f o r D ia d r o m o u s F is h e s in a D y n a m ic G lo b a l E n v ir o n m e n t - 1 8 - 2 1 J u n e 2 0 0 7 , H a lifa x

a r in e ro m o v . d e ta c t : s ite

e c o s u s fis V e rd h e le n : w w w

y s te m h re s e u n - 3 e .im b .d ia d

s a n d a r c h u n it 3 6 1 2 C e s ta s , F R A N C E e rt@ c e m a g re f.fr fis h .o r g

t b n o iv a ltip

e tw r m l w le

e e n u ltip a s 9 ta g g

ta g g e d le ta g s . 5 % fo r e d e e ls

rv e d a b le h a p p o to r o t d in g V ie s in

e ffe c t o n e e l 3 ) . T a g g in g e n o n a s h o rt b e h a v io u r o f iffe r e n t fr o m IE ta g in th e s m a ll e e ls .

G O O D

T h is ta g g in g m e th o d is n o w a v a ila b le fo r M A R K R E C A P T U R E S T U D Y

U t ilis a t io n o f 4 c o lo u r s p la c e d a t 3 \ 6 b o d y p o s it io n s o n t h e s a m e e e l a llo w s : - 1 2 4 in d iv id u a l c o d e s fo r s m a ll e e ls ( 5 9 to 1 3 9 m m ) - 1 5 6 2 4 in d iv id u a l c o d e s f o r m e d iu m e e ls ( 1 4 0 t o 2 4 0 m m )

E s tu d ia d 5 0 A C o n W e b

re n g le u rv m u

P e r s p e c t iv e s

V a lid a tio n o f V IE ta g g in g m e th o d fo r s m a ll e e ls

C e m a g r e f, U n ité E P B X

a n tly d iffe e ith e r s in r im e n t, s 1 0 0 % fo r

T a g n u m b e r h a d n o s ig n ific a n t o b s e d is t r ib u t io n f o r a ll t h r e e g r o u p s ( T e ffe c t o n fis h b e h a v io u r s h o u ld lik e ly tim e a fte r ta g g in g . T h e fa c t th a t lo c o m r e c e n t ly t a g g e d s m a ll e e ls w a s n u n t a g g e d e e ls is e n c o u r a g in g f o r u s fie ld fo r fu tu r e c a p tu r e - r e c a p tu r e s tu d

c o lo u r s ?

I m p a c t o n e e l: N O N E T a b l e 3 . C h a r a c t e r is t ic s a n d s p a t ia l d is t r ib u t io n o f e e ls u s e d in lo c o m o t o r e x p e r im e n t .

ig n ific fo r n e x p e a n d

B e h a v io u r ?

T h e r e w a s n o s ig n if ic a n t d iffe r e n c e fo r n e it h e r ta g v is ib ility , ta g r e te n tio n , n o r e e l s u r v iv a l b e tw e e n th e 4 V I E c o lo u r s te s te d ( T a b le 1 ) .

T a b l e 2 . C h a r a c t e r is t ic s o f m u lt ip le V IE t a g g e d e e ls .

t s e ls th e e ls ).

?

A g r e e m e n t r a te fo r c o d e c o lo u r r e c o g n itio n b e tw e e n th e in e x p e r ie n c e d re a d e r a n d th e e x p e r ie n c e d r e a d e r w a s a lw a y s 1 0 0 % . .

a s n o g e d e d o f g e d e a n d 2

A c k n o w le d g m e n ts W e th a n k T . R o u L a h a ra n n e (C e m e x p e r im e n ts . W e c o r r e c tio n s a n d c fro m th e F E D E R P ic tu r e s : H . Im b e

a u lt, L . J a g re f) fo a ls o th a r itic a l c o A q u ita in r t; F ig u r

a c o b s r th e ir n k P . m m e n e a n d e s : P .

, M . h e lp L a m ts . T fro m C a m

P e la r d in fis h b e rt (C h is s tu R é g io o in .

, D . M m a in e m a g d y w a n A q u

e r c ie r , R te n a n c e re f) a n d s p a r tly ita in e .

. le a n d S . D s u p

B a rh , d u r in u fo u r p o rte d

F i g . 7 : E e l m a r k - r e c a p tu r e s tu d y in a s m a ll s tr e a m ( S a u c a ts , F r a n c e )

D iffu s io n ? N . A la r y a n g flu m e ta n (C N R S ) fo b y re s e a rc

k

d A .

r E n g lis h h g ra n ts

P . C a m o in a n d H . I m b e r t - M a y 2 0 0 7 ( 4 ) N o r th w e s t M a r in e T e c h n o lo g y , IN C . S h a w Is la n d , W a s h in g to n , U S A w w w .n m t.u s