The extraembryonic central mesoderm - somatopleura (parietal mesoderm) - splanchnopleura (visceral mesoderm) becomes continuous with the newly formed intraembryonic mesoderm axial mesoderm (notochord) paraaxial mesoderm
PARAAXIAL MESODERM - SEGMENTS beginning of 3rd week - somitomeres in cephalic region - somites (from day 20) - Occ 4 -C8 - T 12 -L5 -S5 - Coc 8-10 (...41-43) day 21 - 4-7 day 25 - 17-20 day 30 - 34-35 Based on the number of somites we can compare different creatures!
LATERAL PLATE parietal mesoderm (somatopleura): serous membrane and c.t. of body wall (overlying ectoderm will give epidermis)
visceral mesoderm (splanchnopleura): serous membrane, c.t., and smooth muscle of gut (endoderm will give epithelium and glands)
Beginning of 3rd week: wall of yolk sac, chorion, connecting stalk: angioblasts - endothelial cells - blood cells (later also within the embryo → fusion, → placental circulation)
Muscular system from mesodermal germ layer -paraaxial mesoderm - skeletal -splanchnic mesoderm - smooth - cardiac - somatopleura - m. arrector pili
Skeletal muscle: Myotome cells
myoblasts
fusion
Somitomeres + 4 occipital somites: muscles for the head (eye, jaw, larynx, tongue - cranial nerves!!)
Somites: limbs and trunk (axial muscles, body wall)
MYOTOME epimere (dorsal rami of spinal nerves) hypomere (ventral rami)
upper: C4 – T2 lower: L2 – S2
muscle in limb bud
motor and sensory innervation of myotomes and dermotomes
5th week
7th week
neural tube
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
sclerotome notochord
spinal nerve segmental - myotome - nerve
nucleus pulposus in intervertebral disk
notochord
* V
V 1 2
3
* S
S
S
ectodermal - epidermis and its appendices - neural crest, placodes - central and peripheral nervous system
mesodermal
- c.t. and supportive tissue - all muscles - heart, blood, lymph vessels, spleen - urogenital tract (most) - cortex of suprarenal gland
endodermal
- lining of intestinal and respiratory tract - parenchyma of thyroid, parathyroids, liver, pancreas - lining of urethra and bladder - lining of tympanic cavity and auditory tube
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