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DNL Vocabulary - The Framework of Globalization [CA v1.0] •
Capitalism: an economic system in which the means of production are controlled by private owners with the goal of making profits in a market economy.
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Clash of Civilizations (the): is a theory that people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world (1991->). It was proposed by U.S. political scientist Samuel P. Huntington in a 1993 article.
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Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): a confederation of former Soviet bloc countries, formed in December 1991.
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Communism: is a classless social order structured upon common ownership of the means of production.
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Democracy: ("rule of the people") is a form of government in which all eligible citizens participate equally—either directly or indirectly through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws.
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Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): a U.S. civilian law enforcement body, responsible for investigating and prosecuting federal crimes and protecting domestic security.
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Federal Reserve System (the Fed): is the U.S. central banking system. Its duties include conducting the monetary policy, regulating banking institutions, and maintaining the stability of the financial system
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Hard power: is the use of military and economic means to influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies. This form of political power is often aggressive, and is most effective when imposed by one political body upon another of lesser military and/or economic power. According to Joseph Nye, the term is “the ability to use the carrots and sticks of economic and military might to make others follow your will.”
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Hegemony: geopolitical and cultural predominance of one country upon others.
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Hub: a transport hub (also transport interchange) is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles or between transport modes. Public transport hubs include train stations, rapid transit stations, bus stops, tram stop, airports and ferry slips. There are
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usually three kinds of freight hubs: sea-road, sea-rail and road-rail, though they can also be sea-road-rail. With the growth of containerization, intermodal freight transport has become more efficient, often making multiple lags cheaper than through services—increasing the use of hubs. Delta Air Lines (a major U.S. airline) pioneered the hub for aviation in 1955 from its hub in Atlanta (capital of the U.S. state of Georgia). FedEx (a U.S. global courier delivery services company) adopted the spoke-hub model for overnight package delivery during the 1970s. •
Imperialism: an unequal human and territorial relationship, usually in the form of an empire, based on ideas of superiority and practices of dominance, and involving the extension of authority and control of one state or people over another. The term has been applied to Western political and economic dominance in the 19th and 20th c.
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Point-to-point transit: refers to a transportation system in which a plane, bus, or train travels directly to a destination, rather than going through a central hub.
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Soft power: is a concept developed by Joseph Nye of Harvard University to describe the ability to attract and co-opt (rather than coerce, use force or give money) as a means of persuasion. The term is now widely used in international affairs by analysts and statesmen. Soft power can be wielded not just by states but also by all actors in international politics, such as NGOs or international institutions. A country's soft power, according to Nye, rests on three resources: "its culture (in places where it is attractive to others), its political values (when it lives up to them at home and abroad), and its foreign policies (when others see them as legitimate and having moral authority."
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Spoke-hub distribution paradigm: the spoke-hub distribution paradigm (or model or network) is a system of connections arranged like a chariot wheel, in which all traffic moves along spokes connected to the hub at the center [link to picture]. The model is commonly used in industry, in particular in transport, telecommunications and freight, as well as in distributed computing, where it is known as a star network.
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Superpower: a country that dominates in political and military power. During the Cold War (1947-91), there were two superpowers: the Soviet Union and the United States.
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Transshipment (or transhipment): is the shipment of goods or containers to an intermediate destination, then to yet another destination. It's a common practice with logistic benefits, but can be used to illegitimately disguise country of origin or intent of the goods [src].
