simulation and optimization of an integrated energy system - HPC'01

Cogeneration of electric power and heat is a traditional way to utilise waste heat. In this paper an energy system ... Trigeneration, energy system, desalination, ice block plant, saline water. 1. INTRODUCTION. At remote locations further ...
273KB taille 2 téléchargements 353 vues
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±ƒ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µW\SLFDO¶ LVODQG DV GHVFULEHG EHIRUH DQG WKH SODQW FRQGLWLRQV DUH DVVXPHG WR EH WKH VWDQGDUG LQ KRW DUHDVVHDZDWHUƒ&DQGDVDOLQLW\RIJNJDQGWKH WHPSHUDWXUH RI WKH DLU LV ƒ& $ SDUDPHWHU YDULDWLRQ DURXQG WKHVH YDOXHV KDV EHHQ SHUIRUPHG 7KH KLJK WHPSHUDWXUHVUHTXLUHPRUH HQHUJ\ERWKIRUFRROLQJDQG IRUGHVDOLQDWLRQ WKHWHPSHUDWXUHRIWKHFRROLQJZDWHULV KLJK  1+RXEDNQLHOVKRXEDN#PHNGWXGN



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

1+RXEDNQLHOVKRXEDN#PHNGWXGN

UHVSRQVLEOH IRU D KLJKHU ERLOLQJ WHPSHUDWXUH /RZHU KHDWLQJFDSDFLW\RIWKHFRROLQJZDWHULVUHVSRQVLEOHIRU WKHLQFUHDVHLQHQHUJ\XVHGIRUDKLJKHUVDOLQLW\

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¶WEHHQLQYHVWLJDWHG LVWKHDELOLW\RIVWRULQJSURGXFWVHDVLO\%RWKZDWHUDQG LFHFRXOGEHVWRUHGZLWKORZFRVWRYHUDORQJHUSHULRG ,Q WKLV ZD\ WKH\ FRXOG DOVR VHUYH DV VWRUDJH IRU HOHFWULFLW\ DV WKH HOHFWULFLW\ SURGXFWLRQ FDQ EH LQFUHDVHG LQ SHULRGV ZLWK ORZHU RU QR LFH DQG ZDWHU SURGXFWLRQ 

5()(5(1&(6

>@%UHQDQ.(DQG&DPSEHOO 6/DQG3HW]ROG/5 1XPHULFDO 6ROXWLRQV RI ,QLWLDO9DOXH 3UREOHPV LQ 'LIIHUHQWLDO$OJHEUDLF(TXDWLRQV1RUWK+ROODQG >@ $OID /DYDO 6HSDUDWLRQ $6 ,QVWDOODWLRQ RI $OID /DYDO)UHVKZDWHU*HQHUDWRUVIRU([LVWLQJ9HVVHOV PD\ >@ :RROULFK :5  %UXQV -/  DQG %URZQ 2* $6+5$( µ(QWKDOS\ YDOXHV RI VHD ZDWHU LQ WKH IUHH]LQJ ]RQH¶ $6+5$( -RXUQDO YRO  QU  S  -DQ 



VWRUHIRUGULQNLQJ ZDWHU

FRROHG IOXHJDV

IXHOLQ

SRZHU

'LHVHOHQJLQH IOXHJDV DQG FRROHG ZDWHU JHQHUDWRU

3RZHU

SRZHU

VHDZDWHUIRU FRROLQJDQG EULQH

GHVDOLQDWLRQSODQW

KRWZDWHU

KHDW

SRZHU

FRROLQJZDWHU RXW

LFHEORFNSODQWDQGVWRUH

LFHEORFNV EULQHRXW &RQFHQWUDWHGVDOW ZDWHU

FRROLQJZDWHU DQGEULQH

KHDW SXPS

ZDVWHZDWHU RXW

FRROLQJ ZDWHU

)LJXUH3ULQFLSOHGUDZLQJRIWKHSODQW 

+HDWFDSDFLW\RIIUHH]LQJVHDZDWHU



FS>N- NJÂ& @

      







7HPSHUDWXU>ƒ&@





GDWD ILW

)LJXUH+HDWFDSDFLW\RIIUHH]LQJVHDZDWHU

1+RXEDNQLHOVKRXEDN#PHNGWXGN



'LVWULEXWLRQRIWKHSRZHU

 

3RZHUDOORFDWLRQ>N:@

3RZHUDOORFDWLRQ>N:@

       

+HDWSXPSSRZHU KHDWSXPS









WLPH>V@



,FHEORFNSODQWSRZHU LFHEORFNV

7RGLVWULEXWLRQSRZHU FRQVXPSWLRQ

H

)LJXUH$OORFDWLRQRIWKHSRZHUIRUWKHWKUHHGLIIHUHQWFRQVXPHUVGXULQJGD\



(QHUJ\&RQVXPHGLQGD\>*-@

6HDZDWHUIRU)UHH]LQJ>NJ@

       









:DWHU3URGXFHG>NJ@





          DERYH

)LJXUH'DLO\HQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQIRUGLIIHUHQWDPRXQWVRI:DWHUDQGLFHEORFNVLQ*-

1+RXEDNQLHOVKRXEDN#PHNGWXGN



ZD\VRIFRQWUROOLQJWKHSRZHUDOORFDWLRQ

:DWHU3URGXFHG

:KHQSRZHUVXSSO\DQGLFHEORFNVSURGXFHGDUHWKHVDPH

        







(QHUJ\LQSXWIRUGD\>*-@





KHDWSXPSILUVW HTXDOVKDULQJ

(QHUJ\QHHGHGIRUNJGULQNLQJZDWHU>N-NJ@

)LJXUHFRQWUROOLQJVWUDWHJLHV

(QHUJ\IRUGULQNLQJZDWHUZLWKGLIIHUHQWVDOLQLW\

     











6DOLQLW\>JO@









)LJXUH7KHHIIHFWRIFKDQJLQJWKHVDOLQLW\RIWKHZDWHU 7DEOH&RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWKHV\VWHPDQGGLIIHUHQWVWDQGDORQHV\VWHPV 3URGXFWV LFH ZDWHU HOHFWULFLW\ RYHUDOO VDYHG

V\VWHP    *

1+RXEDNQLHOVKRXEDN#PHNGWXGN

SODQWVKSRZHU  ****

SODQWVKSRZHU  ****

SODQWVIUHVKZDWHU ****