References

93

Table 6.3 Typical numbers involved in generating the 2010 world energy production, 5.3 × 1020 J, or 12.7 Gtoe Sources Kinetic energy Wind power

10 million km2 wind farm

Sea currents

Gulf Stream: 2.5 × 1019 J (4.6 %)

Solar

1 million km2 solar cells

Geothermal

All volcanic areas: 3.6 × 1018 J (0.7 %)

Gravitational force Hydropower

5.3 × 1019 J (10 %)

Electromagnetic force Biofuels

19 million km2 field 3.2 million km2 field (just traffic)

Woodfuel

Twice the total amount of forests in 2005

Nuclear force

Fission of 6,310 t of Ur-235 Fusion of 630 t of D with 880 t of T

The numbers between parenthesis indicate, when relevant, the portion of 12.7 Gtoe that could be produced Source: Bret, the Energy Climate Continuum - Springer, 2014

References 1. International Energy Agency, Key world energy statistics (International Energy Agency, Paris, 2012) 2. D. DeHarpporte, South and Southeast Wind Atlas (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1984) 3. M.R. Patel, Wind and Solar Power Systems: Design, Analysis, and Operation, Mechanical Engineering (Taylor & Francis, London, 2006) 4. R.C. Bansal, A.F. Zobaa, Handbook of Renewable Energy Technology (World Scientific, Singapore, 2011) 5. H. Kuerten, Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation VIII, ERCOFTAC Series (Springer, Netherlands, 2011) 6. G. Burton, Chemical Storylines, Salter’s Advanced Chemistry Series (Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 2000) 7. IPCC, Climate Change 2013–The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2014) 8. D.J.C. McKay, Sustainable Energy, Without the Hot Air (UIT Cambridge Limited, Cambridge, 2009) 9. F.A. Armstrong, K.M. Blundell, Energy... Beyond Oil (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007) 10. D. Biello, Novel Solar Photovoltaic Cells Achieve Record Efficiency Using Nanoscale Structures (Nature News, London, 2013) 11. R.E. Blankenship, D.M. Tiede, J. Barber, G.W. Brudvig, G. Fleming, M. Ghirardi, M.R. Gunner, W. Junge, D.M. Kramer, A. Melis, T.A. Moore, C.C. Moser, D.G. Nocera, A.J. Nozik, D.R. Ort, W.W. Parson, R.C. Prince, R.T. Sayre, Comparing photosynthetic and photovoltaic efficiencies and recognizing the potential for improvement. Science 332(6031), 805–809 (2011)