Globalization Competencies Intercultural Management
Content 1. Globalization and Culture?! 2. Culture – What is that? 3. Intercultural Management!
Lecture by Florian Urbanski Faculty of Mathematics and Economics University Ulm polymundo - Consultancy for Globalization Intercultural Management
University Ulm International Summerschool
17.07. 2007
Florian Urbanski
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Intercultural Management
University Ulm International Summerschool
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Florian Urbanski
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World Production World Trade World Market
Forms of Globalization World Communication
Economy
World Information World Standards
Technique
Environment Environmental Consciousness
Ecology
Environmental Crisis World Politics
Politics
World Society World Culture
Intercultural Management
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Definition Globalization
Intercultural Management
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Multi-dimensional Process
"Globalization is the continuous interlinking process of different worldwide happening occurrences in the fields of economy, technique, politics, culture and social aspects of nations with interlinked interdependencies and consequences.“
Economy Politics
Ecology
Technique
Social Culture
Stehr, C. (2003), p. 47 Cp: Teusch, U. (2004) Intercultural Management
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Intercultural Management
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The cultural Process?
Cultural Glocalisation
Cultural Homogenization? Æ World Culture?
Global Homogenization
Local Heterogenization
Cultural Heterogenization? Clash of Civilizations? Glocalisation „Think globally, act Locally“ Cp: Featherston, M. (1990); Varwick, J. (2004); Huntington, S. (1996)
Cp: Roland, R. (1998)
Intercultural Management
Intercultural Management
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Summary
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Content
Forms of Globalization! Cultural Form of Globalization! Global Heterogenization Local Homogenization
1. Globalization and Culture?! 2. Culture – What is that? 3. Intercultural Management!
(Cultural) Glocalisation! Intercultural Management
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Culture - Definition (I)
Intercultural Management
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Culture – Definition (II) “Culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one human group from those of another. Culture in this sense is a system of collectively held values.”
„Culture is communication and communication is culture.“ Hall, E. (1990), p. 186
Hofstede, G. (2004), p. 2 Intercultural Management
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Intercultural Management
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Culture - Definition (III)
Culture as a collective System
„Culture is a shared system of meanings. It dictates what we pay attention to, how we act and what we value. Culture organizes such values into what Geert Hofstede calls „mental programs“.“
Trompenaars, F./Hampden-Turner C. (1997), p. 13 Intercultural Management
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Culture – Values and Practices
Enables individuals and groups to deal with each other and the outside world Shared Values, Beliefs, Norms, Assumptions and Perception Transmitted by Rituals, Behavior, Symbols, Communication, Artifacts, Art and Technology Æ Cultural Standards
Intercultural Management
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17.07. 2007
Florian Urbanski
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Individual and Culture Specific to Individual
Learned and Inherited Personality
Specific to group or category
Universal
www.managingchange.co Intercultural Management
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Hofstede, G. (2004) 17.07. 2007
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Learned
Culture
Human Nature
Inherited
Hofstede, G. (2004) Intercultural Management
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Summary
Culture Shock
Values, Norms, Beliefs, Assumptions, Perception Rituals, Symbols, Behavior and Communication Artifacts, Art, Technology
Based on Oberg, K. (1960) and Gullahorn, J. T./Gullahorn, J. E. (1963) Intercultural Management
University Ulm International Summerschool
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Florian Urbanski
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Intercultural Management
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3
Why Intercultural Management?
Content
Globalization
Ecology
1. Globalization and Culture?!
Culture
Technique
2. Culture - What is that? 3. Intercultural Management!
Social Politics
Economy
Politics / Law
Economy Social
Technique
Geography/ Nature
International Management
Culture
„Think globally, act Locally“ Intercultural Management
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External Factors
Intercultural Management
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Florian Urbanski
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Worst Case Example
Mead, R. (1998) Intercultural Management
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Intercultural Management Skills Nature of Culture, its Influence on Behavior (in the Workplace) Knowledge: about specific Cultures Recognizing: Differences Between Cultures Implementation of structures University Ulm International Summerschool
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Intercultural Competencies
Understand:
Intercultural Management
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Cognitive
Affective
Conativ
Knowledge: - Countries - Culture - Cultural Systems
Social Skills: - Sympathy - Empathy - Tolerance - Open Minded
Implementing: - Communication - Language - Behavior
Intercultural Management
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How to compare Cultures? Relative Frequency
How to measure Culture?
1:00 pm
1:30 pm
2:00 pm
2:30 pm
3:00 pm
3:30 pm
Time/Accuracy
Based on Barmeyer, Ch. (2000) Intercultural Management
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Cultural Dimensions
Intercultural Management
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Three Concepts
4-D-Concept from Hall
5-D-Concept from Hofstede
7-D-Concept from Trompenaars
Cultural Standards
Cultural Dimensions (Values and Behavior) Extreme 1 Intercultural Management
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Extreme 2 17.07. 2007
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4 Dimensions - Hall
Context-Orientation
Space-Orientation
Time-Orientation
Message
Intercultural Management
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Intercultural Management
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Context-Orientation Low-Context Messages/Information are explicit, direct and unambiguous Values: Individualism Direct verbal interaction less nonverbal expressions
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Intercultural Management
High-Context message is part of the context / indirect Information Values: Group Sense Indirect verbal interaction more nonverbal expressions
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High-Context vs. Low-Context
High-/Low-Context Cultures High-Context vs. Low Context
Austrian
www.genderwork.com
www.genderwork.com Intercultural Management
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Intercultural Management
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5 Dimensions - Hofstede
Power Distance
Power
Power distance focuses on the degree of equality or inequality between people in the country or society.
Distance
Individualism
vs. Collectivism
Masculinity
vs. Femininity
Uncertainty
Avoidance
Long
bb
Term vs. Short Term Orientierung
Intercultural Management
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High/Low Power Distance Low PDI
High PD
People’s Equally Minimized Decentralization
Respect for Status Needed Centralization
rights
Equal
Power holders entitled to Privileges
powerful people
Try to look less powerful
Try to look as powerful as possible
older people
Not respected
Respected
Hofstede, G. (2004) University Ulm International Summerschool
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PD - Index
Value Inequality Key Element
Intercultural Management
Intercultural Management
b b
http://businesscoaching.typepad.com - Based on Hofstede, G. (2004) 17.07. 2007
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Intercultural Management
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Uncertainty Avoidance
High vs. Low UA
Uncertainty Avoidance focuses on the level of Avoidance or Tolerance for Uncertainty and Ambiguity within the Society
Low UA
Certainty
Exploration
Distinction
True or False
Urgent or Not
Key Element What is different What is is dangerous different causes curiosity
? ? ????
?
High UA Value
Hofstede, G. (2004) Intercultural Management
University Ulm International Summerschool
17.07. 2007
Florian Urbanski
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UA - Index
Intercultural Management
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Long vs. Short Term Orientation Time-Orientation focuses on the degree the Society embraces long- or short-term devotion to traditional or forward thinking Values.
¡
http://businesscoaching.typepad.com - Based on Hofstede, G. (2004) Intercultural Management
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17.07. 2007
Florian Urbanski
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Long/Short Term Orientation Long Term Long Term Benefits Distinction Serve Goals Key Element Tradition and History
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LTO - Index
Proper or Not Quick Results are expected
Hofstede, G. (2004) University Ulm International Summerschool
University Ulm International Summerschool
Short Term Saving Face
Value
Intercultural Management
Intercultural Management
http://businesscoaching.typepad.com - Based on Hofstede, G. (2004) 17.07. 2007
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Intercultural Management
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7 Dimensions - Trompenaars
Universalism vs. Particularism
Individualism vs. Collectivism
Neutral vs. Emotional
Defuse vs. Specific
Achievement vs. Ascription
Human-Time Relationship
Human-Nature Relationship
Intercultural Management
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Individualism vs. Collectivism This Dimension focuses on the Degree the Society reinforces Individual or collective Achievement and interpersonal Relationships.
b b b b
bb b bb bb
b Florian Urbanski
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Intercultural Management
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No Index by Trompenaars
Individualism and Collectivism
IDV – Index ?
Individualism
Collectivism
USA
Individualism
Value
Individual Freedom
Group Harmony
Canada
Individualism
Distinction
Me/Others
In/Out Group
Key Element The Task is important
Great Britain Individualism
Relationships is important
Trompenaars, F./Hampden-Turner, C. (1997) Intercultural Management
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Individualism
Germany
Individualism
Mexico Brazil Indonesia
Collectivism Collectivism Collectivism
Collectivism
Trompenaars, F./Hampden-Turner, C. (1997) Florian Urbanski
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Intercultural Management
University Ulm International Summerschool
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Summary
Cultural Dimensions – Critique?
Intercultural Competencies Intercultural Management Cultural Dimension (Hall, Hofstede, Trompenaars)
Qualitative
insights rather than Quantitative Data
Useful
in Understanding of different Cultures, Situations and Relationships Orientation
Orientation Intercultural Management
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Intercultural Management
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Summary 1. Globalization and Culture?!
Thank you very much
2. Culture – What is it?
for your attention
3. Intercultural Management!
Intercultural Management
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17.07. 2007
Florian Urbanski
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Intercultural Management
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Sources (I)
Intercultural Management
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Barmeyer, Ch. (2000): Interkulturelles Management und Lernen – Studierende und Führungskräfte in Frankreich, Deutschland und Quebec, Frankfurt/ Main, 2000. Gullahorn, J. T./Gullahorn, J. E. (1963): Gullahorn, J. T., and Gullahorn, J. E. (1963) An extension of the U-curve hypothesis. Journal of Social Issues 19 (1), 33-47. Featherston, M. (1990), Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization, and Modernity, London et al., 1990. Hall, T. (1990): Hall, Edward T., The Silent Language, New York, 1990. Huntington S. (1996): Huntington, Samuel P., Clash of Civilizations and the remaking of world order, New York, 1996. Hofstede, G. (2004): Hofstede, Geert, Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, London et al., 2004. Mead, R. (1998): Mead, Richard. International Management: Cross cultural dimensions, Blackwell, 1998.
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Sources (I)
Robertson, R. (1998): Robertson, Roland, Globalization – Social Theory and Global Culture, London et al., 1998. Stehr, C. (2003): Stehr, Christopher, Globalisierung und Destabilisierungstendenzen innerhalb des Internationalen Systems: eine Indikatorenanalyse für ausgewählte Nationalstaaten, Berlin, 2003. Teusch, U. (2004): Teusch, Ulrich, Was ist Globalisierung? – Ein Überblick, Darmstadt, 2004. Trompenaars, F./Hampden-Turner, C. (1997): Trompenaars, Fons/ Hampden-Turner, Charles, Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Global Business, New York et al., 1997. Oberg, K. (1960): Oberg, Kalervo, Culture shock: Adjustments to new cultural environments. Practical Anthropology. 4, 177-182 Varwick, J. (2004): Varwick, Johannes, Globalisierung, in: Woyke, Wichard (Hrsg.), Handwörterbuch Internationale Politik, Bonn, 2004. .
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