Common ions and formulae of ionic compounds Symbols of common ions In A Level Chemistry you are expected to know the names and symbols of common ions, and to be able to work out the formulae of ionic compounds. The names and symbols of some ions are shown below. Name hydrogen sodium silver potassium lithium ammonium barium calcium copper(II) magnesium zinc lead iron(II) iron(III) aluminium
Formulae of ionic compounds Ionic compounds contain positive and negative ions. The number of positive charges must equal the number of negative charges so that the compound has no charge overall. When the positive ion has the same number of charges as the negative ion, it is easy to work out the formula of the compound formed. Sodium chloride contains sodium ions, Na+, and chloride ions, Cl–. As both ions have single charges, the formula is simply written as NaCl, i.e. the positive ion followed by the negative ion with no charges written. Similarly, ammonium chloride is NH4Cl; magnesium oxide is MgO, and so on. The fun starts when the number of charges is different, as in magnesium chloride. The “cross-over” method may help: Step 1
Step 2
Write the ions side by side: Mg2+ Cl– Draw arrows that cross each other: Mg2+
Cl–
Step 4
Write the formula as follows:
a) write the positive ion without its charge: Mg b) write the number as a subscript unless it is 1: Mg
Step 3
Write the charges at the arrow ends: Mg2+ Cl–
c) write the negative ion without its charge: MgCl d) write the number as a subscript unless it is 1:
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First ionisation energies in Group II and Period 3. The first ionisation energy is the energy needed to remove one mole of the outermost electrons from one mole ...
Ionisation Energies in Group I and Period 2. The first ionisation energy is the energy needed to remove one mole of the outermost electrons from one mole of ...
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