JAZZ Tutorial This Jazz tutorial is a reminder of Jazz Techniques.
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JAZZ Tutorial
How is made the natural scale (Physical scale) ? 1f C1
2/3f 10/12f F0 A0
E1
1f C1
fn+1/fn Natural scale
5/4f 3/2f
1f C1
G1
3/2f G1
9/8 9/8f D1
2f C2
5/2f E2
3f G2
4f C3
5f E3
6f G3
7f ?
8f C4
15/8f 9/4f B1 D2
10/9 16/15 9/8 5/4f 4/3f 3/2f E1 F1 G1
10/9 9/8 16/15 5/3f 15/8f 2f A1 B1 C2
The « C » major scale is made of: C chord (C-E-G), =>1f, 5/4f, 3/2f F chord (F-A-C) , =>4/3f, 5/3f, 2f G chord (G-B-D). =>3/2f, 15/8f, 9/4f http://gargoyle.free.fr
JAZZ Tutorial Tempered scale Notes
C1
Ecart Ecart Fréquence Gamme Naturelle Fréquence Gamme Naturelle
D1 1,125 9/8
1 1f
E1 1,111 10/9
1,125 9/8f
F1
G1
1,067 1,125 16/15 9/8 1,25 1,33333 5/4f 4/3f
A1 1,111 10/9
1,5 3/2f
B1 1,125 9/8
1,66667 5/3f
C2
1,067 16/15 1,875 2 15/8f 2f
Ecart Ecart Fréquences gamme Tempérée
1,122 1,122 1,059 1,122 1,122 1,122 1,059 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/12) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/12) 1,000 1,059 1,122 1,189 1,260 1,335 1,414 1,498 1,587 1,682 1,782 1,888 2,000
Delta% (F Nat-F Temp)/F Temp Rang des demis-tons
0,00% 0
1
-0,23% 2
Racine Douzième de 2: Racine Douzieme de 2 au carré: 2^(1/6)
3
0,79% 4
0,11% 5
6
-0,11% 7
8
0,90% 9
10
0,68% 11
0,00% 12
1,059 1,12246
The tempered scale was necessary to perform tone shift. http://gargoyle.free.fr
JAZZ Tutorial
The Intervals in a major scale 1
C
1 wt
2 3 4
E F
st wt
5
G wt
6
A wt
7 8
D wt
B C
st
Whole-tone (wt) Semi-tones (st)
3m 3 5b 5 5# 7Dim 7 7M 8 http://gargoyle.free.fr
JAZZ Tutorial
The Intervals including 9, 11, 13 1
C
1 wt
2
9
D wt
3 4
11
E F
st wt
5
G wt
6
13
A wt
7 8
B C
st
9 3m 3 4, 11 5b 5 5# 6, 7Dim, 13 7 7M 8
You will pay attention to the equivalence between: 4th and 11th 6th and 7Dim and 13th
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JAZZ Tutorial
The degrees of C Major Scale I II C Major C 7Maj D m7 C 1 D 3
G
5
E F G A
V G7
VI Am 7
VII Bm7 5b
1 3m
5 7M
7 => G (V)
1 3
5 7
7Maj => C, F (I, IV) m7 => D, E, A (II, III, VI)
1 3m
A
D
IV F7Maj
1
E F
B C
III Em 7
75b => B (VII)
1 3
5 7
1 3m
5 7M
3m
Remark: The fifth is always 3.5 Wt from the fundamental except for the last degree (Bm75b).
5 7
5b 7 7
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JAZZ Tutorial C Harmonic Minor (Eb relative) C
I Cm 7M 1
E Eb
3m
Harmonic
5
B C
7M
G Ab
V G7
VI Ab 7Maj
VII B 7Dim
1 3m
G Ab
F
IV Fm 7
1
F
D Eb
II III Dm 75b Eb 7M5+
1 3
5b
1 3m
5# 7
1
3 5
7M
1 3
5 7
3m 5
7
5b 7M 7Dim
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JAZZ Tutorial C Melodic Minor (Eb relative) Melodic C D Eb
I C m7M 1
3m
D Eb F G A
IV F7
V G7
VI A m75b
VII B m75b
1 3m
5
A B C
III Eb 7M5+
1
F G
II D m7
1 3
5 7M
1 3
5# 7
1 3
5 7M
1 3m
5 7
3m 5b
7
5b 7
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JAZZ Tutorial
Major, Harmonic & Melodic Scales
C Major
I C 7Maj
II D m7
III Em 7
IV F7Maj
V G7
VI Am 7
VII Bm7 5b
C Harmonic
Cm 7M
Dm 75b
Eb 7M5+
Fm 7
G7
Ab 7Maj
B 7Dim
C Melodic
C m7M
D m7
Eb 7M5+
F7
G7
A m75b
B m75b
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JAZZ Tutorial Major & Minor Scales Major Lydien (G) Major
Lydien b7 Myxolidien (F) Major Pentatonic Tonic
Melodic Minor Harmonic Minor Minor
Dorian (Bb) Phrygien (Ab) Minor Pentatonic 7 Dim
8 1
9 2
11 3 4
13 6
C C C C
D D D D
E F G E F+ G E F+ G E F G
A B A B A BA B-
C C
D D
E E
A
5
G F+
G+
7
F F F F
G A B G AB G A BG AB-
C C
F
G G-
Idem Major b7
A+
C D EC D EC D EC DEEE-
C Lydien b7 = G Melodic Minor
C Melodic Minor = F Lydien b7 Idem Melodic Minor b7
BB--
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JAZZ Tutorial Modal scales C: Ionian D: Dorian E: Phrygian F: Lydian G: Mixolydian A: Aeolian B: Locrian
1 C D E F G A B
C: Ionian C: Dorian C: Phrygian C: Lydian C: Mixolydian C: Aeolian C: Locrian
1 C C C C C C C
2,9 D E F G A B C
2,9 D D Db D D D Db
3 E F G A B C D
3 E Eb Eb E E Eb Eb
4,11 F G A B C D E
F
4,11 F F F F+ F F F
5 G A B C D E
Gb
5 G G G G G G
6,13 A B C D E F G
6,13 A A Ab A A Ab Ab
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7
7M B
C D E F G A
7
7M B
Bb Bb B Bb Bb Bb
8 C D E F G A B
C C C C C C C
m, 7, 9, 13 m, 7,9-,13M, 7M, 9, 11+, 13 M, 7, 9, 13 m, 7,9, 13m, 5-, 7,9-,13-
8 C C C C C C C
C Bb Ab G F Eb Db
m, 7, 9, 13 m, 7,9-,13M, 7M, 9, 11+, 13 M, 7, 9, 13 m, 7,9, 13m, 5-, 7,9-,13-
JAZZ Tutorial Example of tonal Analysis
« Blusette » Chord tonal analysis
1
1
24 Go 1
G 7Maj Em7 Dm7 Cm7 Bbm7 A m11 B m7 Bb 7 A m7 Ab 7
2 Go 1
Bm7 Am 11
5 7 11 15 19 21 22 23
Em7 A9 G7 F9 Eb9 D13
F#m75b
B7 (DS Em7)
(Sub D7)
G D C Bb Ab G A A G G
C7 7Maj Bb 7Maj7 Ab 7Maj
C6 Bb 6 Ab 6
E7 D13
A G
(Sub E7)
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JAZZ Tutorial Example of tonal Analysis
« Bluesette » Chord degrees
1
You will notice the (I VI VII DS, II V I) cadences 1
Go 1
G.I D.II C.II Bb.II Ab.II G.II A.II G.II
G.VI D.V C.V Bb.V Ab.V G.V A.V G.V
2 Go 1
A.II G.II
A.V G.V
5 7 11 15 19 21 23
G.VII
B7 (DS)
C.I Bb.I Ab.I
C.I Bb.I Ab.I
G D C Bb Ab G A G A G
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JAZZ Tutorial Example of tonal Analysis
« Bluesette » Chord degrees
1
It can also be seen as a Em Harmonic (III I II V) 1
Go 1
Em.III D.II C.II Bb.II Ab.II G.II A.II G.II
Em.I D.V C.V Bb.V Ab.V G.V A.V G.V
2 Go 1
A.II G.II
A.V G.V
5 7 11 15 19 21 23
Em.II
Em.V
C.I Bb.I Ab.I
C.I Bb.I Ab.I
Em D C Bb Ab G A G A G
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JAZZ Tutorial # & b (sharps and flats) C# F# B E A D G C F Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb
Scales
D# G# C# F# B E A D G C F Bb Eb Ab Db
E# A# D# G# C# F# B E A D G C F Bb Eb
F# B E A D G C F Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb Fb
G# C# F# B E A D G C F Bb Eb Ab Db Gb
A# D# G# C# F# B E A D G C F Bb Eb Ab
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B# E# A# D# G# C# F# B E A D G C F Bb
In green Sharps appearance
In yellow Flats appearance
JAZZ Tutorial Fourth +4
C
F
G F#
Bb
D
Bb F# C#
Bb Eb
Eb
Bb Eb Ab
Bb Eb Ab Db
Ab C# Db
Fifth +5
A
F# C# G# Bb Eb Bb Eb Ab Db Ab Db Bb Eb Gb Cb Gb Ab Db Fb Gb Cb F# C# F# C# G# D# F# C# G# D# A# E# G# D# A# B# A# E#
F# Gb
F# C# G# D#
E
B Cb
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•Turning clockwise you are going up by an Interval of a perfect fifth. •Turning conterclockwise you are going up by an Interval of a perfect fourth.
JAZZ Tutorial
Flats and Sharps appearance
Did you notice that the order of Sharps is exactly the same that Flats but backwards Also, the first 4 flats => BEAD ! Flats appearance
BEADGCF Sharps appearance
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JAZZ Tutorial
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JAZZ Tutorial A Harmonic Minor (C relative) Harmonic A B C
I Am 7M 1
3m
5
G# A
7M
E F
IV Dm 7
V E7
VI F 7Maj
VII G#7Dim
1 3m
E F
D
III C 7M5+
1
D
B C
II Bm75b
1 3
5b
1 3m
5# 7
1
3 5
7M
1 3
5 7
This scale is built with the C scale starting by A, the provides a 3m for C. Remark:
3m 5
7
You will note the 1.5 wt between 6th and 7th degrees which is a characteristic of the Harmonic minor.
5b 7M 7Dim
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The fifth is changing frequently (5,5b,5#)
JAZZ Tutorial A Melodic Minor (C relative) A
I Am 7M 1
B C
3m
Melodic
B C D E F#
IV D7
V E7
VI VII F#m 75b G#m 75b
1 3m
5
F# G# A
III C 7M5+
1
D E
II Bm 7
5 7M
with natural C.
1 3
1 3
5# 7
1 3
5 7M
The A melodic minor is relative to C, but it can also be seen as a A scale (F#,C#,G#)
1 3m
5 7
3m 5b
7
5b 7 7
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JAZZ Tutorial Chord substitution G7
5 3 7
7
3
3
7
1
Db 7
1
Db 7 has the same Harmonic function
7 3
•7th replaced by 3rd
1
•3rd replaced by 7th http://gargoyle.free.fr
JAZZ Tutorial Symmetric scales 1
C 12/2=6 ST
C
12/3=4 ST
C
12/4=3 ST (7 Dim)
C
12/5=2,4 ST (Pentatonic) C 12/6=2 ST (Tonic) 12/12=1 ST (Chromatic)
C
2
3
D
4
5
E
6
F
7
8
G
9 10 11 12 A
B
F+ E F+
D
E
D
E
C C+ D D+ E
The Pentatonic isn’t really symmetric, but it was interesting to introduce this scale here.
G+
D+
A G
F+ F
A G+
On the 6 scales described here, only 5 scales are really symmetric.
A+
F+ G G+ A A+ B
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JAZZ Tutorial Symmetric Guitar Patterns 2 scores (F+, C) per scale. All intervals of the scale are 3 full tones. I
V
VII
2 T (C, F+)
F+
X
C
XII
C
C F+
C F+
C F+
C C
F+
4 scores (F+, A, C, D+) per scale. All intervals of the scale are 3 Half tones. This scale is called a diminished 7th scale. I
V
VII
4 T (C, D+, F+, A)
F+
F+
C
F+
C
F+
F+
C
C
F+
A
D+
A
C
C
D
F+
X A
A
D
A
D+
A
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D+
D+
XII
JAZZ Tutorial Symmetric Guitar Patterns 3 scores (G+, C, E) or (A+, D, F+) per scale. All intervals of the scale are 2 full tones. I 3 T (C, E, G+)
C
F+
F+
D
G+
F+
G+
G+
G+
E
E
F+ C
C
V E
E C C D
G+
G+
A+
A+
G+
G+
VII
X
XII
F+
F+ D D E
A+
E
A+
VII
A+
A+ C
F+
F+
C
D
D
6 scores (G+, A+, C, D, E, F+) per scale. All intervals of the scale are 1 Full tone. I 6 T (C, D, E, F+, G+, A+)
F+
C
D
G+
G+
G+
G+
A+
E
E
A+ C
C
F+
F+ G+
G+
V E
EC C D
D
A+ G+
G+ A+
A+
X
F+
F+ D D E
E
A+
A+ C
C
F+
F+
D
D
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XII
JAZZ Tutorial Symmetric Guitar Patterns 4 scores (C, F, F+, B) or also called Tetratonic I
V
4 T (C, F, F+, B) B F B F+
C
F+
VII B F
F+
X
C
C
F
C
B F
F+
C
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C
F+
XII
F
B
C
F+
JAZZ Tutorial Half/Full tone scale F+ G G+ A A+ Bm75b
7
B7dim=G#dim G7 dim => 1/2, 1 Versus G7
7X 1
G7 dim => 1, 1/2 X X Versus G7 7M 1
X 9b
X 9+ X 9
X 9+
B
C C+
D D+
E
F
1
3m
5-
1
3m
5-
X 3
X X 11+ 5 X X 11 11+
X 13 X X 13b 13
X 7
F+
G G+ A A+ 7 7X 1
X X 7M 1
X
X
X
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X
B
C C+
D D+
E
F
1
3m
5-
1
3m
5-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
F+
X
G
X
X
X
JAZZ Tutorial
Guitar positions on Dm7 & G7 On Dm7=> F-A-C-E (3, 5, 7, 9) I V
VII
E B
C
D A
E B
F
C
X
XII
D
E
A
B
D
E
F
A
B
C
C
D A F
F
On G7 => Eb-B-Bb-Ab-G (13b, 3, 3m, 9b, 1) I V VII
X
XII EB-
B G
AE-
G
A-
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B
JAZZ Tutorial C Scales patterns (St, t) pattern => BCD, EFG, … I
V
VII
X
A
XII E
F
G
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
B
C
D
G
E
F
G
B
C
D
(t, st) pattern => ABC, DEF, … I
V
VII G
X
XII
D
E
F
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
B
C
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Renversement Am7
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Renversement A7
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Renversement A7Maj
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Renversement Dm7
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Am7, B°, C6, C#°, Dm7
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