LLCM20AN English Phonetics Week 6: Some more spelling-pronunciation rules for stressed syllables in polysyllabic words (continued)

3. ‘Long’ and ‘short’ pronunciations of vowels letters in polysyllabic words 2: words with non-final stress

T. Kamiyama, Université de Marne-la-Vallée 2007-2008

3.1. ‘Short’ < !> when followed by two consonant letters + word-final or

3.1. ‘Short’ < !> when followed by two consonant letters or more • /æ/ as in , ,

• /æ/ as in /#/ as in /#/ as in , , 10/03/2008 T. Kamiyama

LLCM20AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 6

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3.2. ‘Long’ < $> when followed by a nonsilent vowel (i.e. no consonant)

• /e#/ as in /%ke&*s/, /+(%ke&&k/ • /i'/ as in /%ni(*n/

3.3. ‘Long’ < $> when followed by one consonant + word-final or

• /a#/ as in /%ba&'s/, /%da&'l/, /%sa&'ns/, /s'%sa&'ti/, /%bju("l#/ 5

3.3. ‘Long’ < $> when followed by one consonant + word-medial or

10/03/2008 T. Kamiyama

LLCM20AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 6

3.3. ‘Long’ < $> when followed by one consonant + word-medial or • Exceptions:

• /e#/ as in /%se&kr&d/, /%pe&tr'n/

• Short when followed by as in , , , , … • followed by a non-silent vowel letter as in , , , , ...

• /i'/ as in /%si(kr't/, /k'%.i(dr'l/ • /a#/ as in /%la&br'ri/, /%ha&br&d/

• , , ,

• /)*/ as in (adj.) /'%pr')pri't/

• Often short in the third or fourth syllable from the end: , , , , , , , , …

• /(j)u'/ as in (v.) /%dju(pl&ke&t/ 10/03/2008 T. Kamiyama

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3.4. ‘Long’ < $> when followed by one consonant + word-final

3.5. ‘Long’ < $> when followed by one consonant + word-final

• /e#/ as in ,

• /e#/ as in ,

• /i'/ as in , , , . , , , , • /i'/ as in , , /#/ as in , , , , , , , ,

• /)*/ as in , , , , , , /%kw')/n#t/ • /(j)u'/ as in , /&n%klu(,n#/, , , , /%stju(di')/

• /(j)u'/ as in /'%bju(s&v/, /&n%tru(s&v/, /k'n%klu(s&v/

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, , , , , , 10/03/2008 T. Kamiyama

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3.6. ‘Long’ < $> (but ‘short’ ) when

3.7. ‘Short’ < !> when followed by one consonant

followed by one consonant + unstressed ; ;

+ unstressed

• Exceptions: • /æ/ in many words in which is followed by or : , , • /e/: , , , /%premi'/

LLCM20AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 6

• /e/ as in , ; , ; • , , ; • /$/ as in , ; ; , ; , , , (< u&se)

• /e/ as in • /#/ as in , ,

• ,

• /$/ as in • But • /(j)u'/ in , ,

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Tepid: (esp. of a riquid) only slightly warm, lukewarm

3.10. ‘Short’ < !> (but ‘Long’ ) when

3.10. ‘Short’ < !> (but ‘Long’ ) when followed by one consonant + unstressed ,

• , , , , , , , ,

• /æ/ as in , , ,

• (But )

• (but )

• /$/ as in , , , , , , ) 10/03/2008 T. Kamiyama

LLCM20AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 6

followed by one consonant + unstressed ,

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• /(j)u'/ in , , 10/03/2008 T. Kamiyama

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3.11. ‘Short’ < !> (but ‘Long’ ) in the

3.11. ‘Short’ < !> (but ‘Long’ ) in the

stressed, third or fourth syllable from the end, when followed by one consonant • /æ/ as in , , , , , , , ,

stressed, third or fourth syllable from the end, when followed by one consonant • , , , , , , , , , , , ,

• /e/ as in , , , , , , , , , 10/03/2008 T. Kamiyama

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LLCM20AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Week 6

3.11. ‘Short’ < !> (but ‘Long’ ) in the stressed, third or fourth syllable from the end, when followed by one consonant • /(j)u'/ in , , , , , , ,

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• but,