n°32 March 2016
Maps & & Facts facts
Club Club Secretariat
SAHEL SAHELAND AND WEST WESTAFRICA AFRICA
o 57, July 2017 No. N 45, November 2016
Benin, Niger & Nigeria: A strong POTENTIAL for CO-operation Eight million pEoplE in BIRNI-ILLELA: northErn nigEria NIGER +1.8 MILLION HAUSA: facing acutE food insEcurity (+19%) +44 MILLION October-December 2016 Birni-N'Konni ! ! Illela
Sokoto DENDI: +2.4 MILLION Katsina Kebbi (+41%) Zamfara
Lake Chad
Yobe
Jigawa
Kano
Bauchi
Oyo
!
Ekiti
!
!
Malanville Kogi Edo
BENIN
Anambra Delta
Travel time
Imo Abia
NIGERIA
Phase 1: Minimal > 2h – 3h
Katsina !
Gombe
Plateau Nassarawa
Taraba Benue
Ondo Edo
Enugu Anambra
Delta
Population potential Size of accessible population (max ~30 million)
Ebonyi Cross River
Imo Abia Akwa Ibom
Bayelsa Rivers
Daura
Katsina 0
High density
Phase 2: Stressed Very high density
! Maigatari
Kogi
Cross River
2014
Bauchi
Borno
Adamawa
Ekiti
Osun
Lagos
Ebonyi
Medium density
Phases of food > 1h – 2hinsecurity
Magaria ! Kano ! Daura ! Tinkim
Oyo
Ogun
Yobe
!
FCT
Taraba
Akwa Bayelsa Rivers Population (hours) Ibom
1/2h – 1h
Zamfara
Niger
Kwara
Benue
Enugu
Jigawa
Dan-Issa
Nassarawa
Kamba
Lake Chad
Matameye Katsina !
MaiaduwaKaduna
Plateau
Ondo
Lagos
Kebbi !
Adamawa
Gaya FCT
Ogun
Borno
Sokoto Maradi !
Gombe
Niger
Osun
Guidan Roumdji !
! Jibia
Kaduna Kwara
(+33%)
June-August 2017
Accessible population Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency with border delay (1h)
125
Phase 5: Famine
Dan-Issa 250 km
Not analysed
3h – 3harmonisé, h Inland border Source:>Cadre national analysis, October 2016. © Agrhymet/CILSS Additional accessible population 1/2
Sources: European Space Agency 2010; Moriconi-Ebrard, F., D. Harre and P. Heinrigs 2016; Open Street Map 2014; 3 h – 4h Border markets Global Roads Open Access Data Set 2016; Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 2014; Global Administrative Areas he number of people living within could be reached by eliminating border 2016; LandScan™ 2014 Global Population Database; Alterra, Universitythe of Wageningen. theOctober zone of2016 a border delays is 2.4 million or an he analysis market of the - reached extremely high levels ofincrease food isoflikelyResearch to getInstitute worse during next 1/2
T T
!
after elimination of border delay (1h)
West African Studies
Cross-border Co-operation and Policy Networks in West Africa
This publication examines how policy actors involved in cross-border co-operation contribute to the regional integration process in West Africa. It uses a pioneering methodology, known as social network analysis, to visualise the formal and informal relationships between actors involved in cross-border policy networks, showing that borders have notable and diverse impacts on exchanges of information and the relative power of networks. The report then analyses a range of regional indicators of co-operation potential, visually demonstrating that borders can also affect the ability of sub-regions within West Africa to develop crossborder initiatives in a number of ways. Combining these two analyses with the perceptions of regional policy makers as to which border areas they consider as priorities for regional integration, the publication provides the analytical foundations for more effective place-based policies that can enhance cross-border co-operation in West Africa.
West African Studies
between minutes 1and four hours 41%, a (Maps & Facts n clear indicationo 44). of the high level lean season in June-August 2017. By Cadre30 harmonisé expands its insecurity While of travel illustrates the functional of border constraints currently exist. coverage to include for the first time humanitarian access is that improving, then, the Cadre harmonisé projecCross-border Co-operation and Policy Networks dimensions of an area characterised This map offers foodparticularly for thought when remains tions indicate that the number of 16 out: European of 36 Space states, half of F., D.the Sources Agencyalmost 2010 ; Moriconi-Ebrard, Harresituation et P. Heinrigs 2016 ; Open Street Map 2014 ; in West Africa Global Roads Open Access Data Set 2016 ; Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 2014 ; Global Administrative Areas 2016 ; by dense socio‑economic interactions. considering worrisome in investment the state strategies: of Borno, Which Nigeria. In these states, some eight severely food insecure people in the LandScan™ 2014 Global Population Database. Cette carte a été créée par l’institut de recherche Alterra (Université de Wageningen). One of the largest basins is where are nearly most effective? Strategies that favour million people are population currently facing 60% of the population 16 analysed states could reach 8 to on thefood Niger-Nigeria If border homogenous of million people. Analytical tools, acute insecurityborder. (phases 3-5, 10 (3.3the million people) spatial are stilldistribution facing delays were reduced2016). by oneDue hour, investments, those (phases which are October-December tothe acute food insecurity 3-5),in line data collection methods and training Hausa border markets could potentially with national or again the Boko Haram insurgency and including 55 000 policy peoplepriorities, threatened for local administrations need to be reach an population additional 44 million people. by strategies which areas that massive displacement, famine (phase 5).focus If no on approfurther developed in order to fine-tune aremeasures likely to generate regional This difference illustrates thestates, potential priate the three northeastern are being greater taken, the and expand the analysis of the Cadre 9HSTCQE*cgfhgj+ population Borno gain, if were current integration? The map also illustrates the Adamawa, andstrategies Yobe, have harmonisé to all parts of Nigeria. food and nutrition situation implemented to reduce the number of region’s enormous development potential OECD/SWAC (2017), Cross-border inspections facilitate transactions at and the ramifactions for urban-rural 1 West African or tool to to analyse and identify areas and Co‑operation and Policy Networks in West amount of people at risk of food and nutrition insecurity. relations, economic opportunities and the border, for example. In a smaller region Africa, OECD Publishing, Paris, page 112. like Dendi, the additional population that food security. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264265875-en West African Studies
Contents
Part I . Towards a new approach to cross-border co-operation
Chapter 1. Cross-border co-operation in West Africa: Bridging the gap between research and policy
Part II. Cross-border co-operation: Potential, networks and political priorities Chapter 5. Mapping cross-border co-operation potential in West Africa Chapter 6. Integration in West Africa: The institutional landscape Chapter 7. West African cross-border policy networks
Chapter 8. Spatial representations and cross-border co-operation in West Africa
Consult this publication on line at http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264265875-en.
This work is published on the OECD iLibrary, which gathers all OECD books, periodicals and statistical databases. Visit www.oecd-ilibrary.org for more information.
Cross-border Co-operation and Policy Networks in West Africa
Chapter 4. Social network analysis and cross-border co-operation in West Africa
Extract
Chapter 2. A relational approach to cross-border co-operation in West Africa
Chapter 3. Regionalism, regional integration and regionalisation in West Africa
ISBN 978-92-64-26576-9 44 2016 02 1 P
This map without thestatus status of sovereignty or sovereignty overterritory, any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries These mapsisare withoutprejudice prejudice totothe of or over any to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps. Please include the Club’s copyright, inform territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps! Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests:
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Club Club Secretariat
SAHEL AND SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA WEST AFRICA
Secretariat
n°32 March 2016
Maps &&Facts Maps facts Club Club SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA
DU SAHEL ET DE L'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST
Noo57, 2017 N 45,juillet November 2016
Bénin, Niger et Nigéria : un fort potentiel de coopération Eight million pEoplE in northErn nigEria BIRNI-ILLELA : NIGER +1.8 MILLION HAOUSSA : facing acutE food insEcurity (+19 %) +44 MILLIONS October-December 2016 Birni-N'Konni ! ! Illela
Sokoto DENDI : +2.4 MILLIONS Katsina Kebbi Zamfara (+41%)
Bauchi
!
!
!
MalanvilleKogi Edo
Lagos
Delta
Temps de trajet
Jigawa
Dan-Issa
Zamfara
Kwara
Taraba Benue
Enugu
Imo Abia
1/2h – 1h
Phase 1: Minimal > 2h – 3h
Osun
Nassarawa
Taraba Benue
Ondo Edo
Enugu
Potentiel de population
Ebonyi Cross River
Imo Abia
Bayelsa Rivers
Population pouvant être atteinte (max ~30 millions)
Akwa Ibom
Daura
Population pouvant être atteinte Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency avec effets de frontière (1h)
Marchés frontaliers
LT
125
Phase 5: Famine
Dan-Issa 250 km
Not analysed
Sources : European Space Agency 2010 ; Moriconi-Ebrard, F., D. Harre et P. Heinrigs 2016 ; Open Street Map 2014 ; Global Roads Open Access Data Set 2016 ; Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 2014 ; Global Administrative Areas 2016 ; LandScan™ 2014 Global Population Database, Institut de recherche Alterra, Université de Wageningen
1/2
!
Katsina 0
Haute densité
3h – 3harmonisé, h Frontières intérieures Source:>Cadre national analysis, October 2016. © Agrhymet/CILSS Population pouvant être atteinte après 31/2h – 4h
Gombe
Kogi
Delta
Phase 2: Stressed Très haute densité
! Maigatari
Plateau
Anambra
2014
Borno
Adamawa
Ekiti
Cross River
Densité moyenne
Phases of food > 1h – 2hinsecurity
NIGÉRIA
Lagos
Ebonyi
Bauchi
Niger
Oyo
Ogun
Akwa Bayelsa Rivers Population Ibom
Magaria ! Kano ! Daura ! Tinkim
FCT
Kamba
Yobe
!
Katsina !
Nassarawa
Anambra
BÉNIN
!
Lake Chad
Matameye Katsina !
MaiaduwaKaduna
Plateau
Ondo
Ogun
Kebbi
Adamawa
GayaFCT
Osun
Borno
Sokoto Maradi !
Gombe
Niger
Ekiti
Guidan Roumdji !
! Jibia
Kaduna
Oyo
Lake Chad
Yobe
Jigawa
Kano
Kwara
(+33 %)
June-August 2017
élimination effets de frontière (1h)
Coopération transfrontalière et réseaux de gouvernance en Afrique de l’Ouest
Cette publication examine la contribution des acteurs impliqués dans la coopération transfrontalière au processus d’intégration régionale en Afrique de l’Ouest. S’appuyant sur une méthodologie innovante, appelée analyse des réseaux sociaux, cet ouvrage propose une cartographie des relations formelles et informelles qui lient les acteurs impliqués dans les réseaux de gouvernance transfrontaliers. Il éclaire notamment les effets des frontières sur les échanges d’information et les relations de pouvoir entre acteurs. L’analyse du potentiel de coopération de plusieurs indicateurs régionaux montre ensuite que les frontières affectent diversement la capacité des espaces à développer des initiatives transfrontalières. Ces deux résultats sont combinés à la perception que les décideurs politiques ont des zones frontalières prioritaires en matière d’intégration régionale. Cette analyse croisée propose des bases pour des politiques territorialisées plus propices au développement de la coopération transfrontalière en Afrique de l’Ouest.
Partie I. Vers une nouvelle approche de la coopération transfrontalière
Chapitre 1. Coopération transfrontalière en Afrique de l’Ouest, rapprocher les travaux de recherche et les politiques Chapitre 2. Une approche relationnelle de la coopération transfrontalière en Afrique de l’Ouest Chapitre 3. Régionalisme, intégration régionale et régionalisation en Afrique de l’Ouest
Chapitre 4. Analyse des réseaux sociaux et coopération transfrontalière en Afrique de l’Ouest Partie II. La coopération transfrontalière : potentiels, réseaux et priorités politiques
Chapitre 5. Cartographier le potentiel de coopération transfrontalière des régions ouest-africaines Chapitre 6. Intégration ouest-africaine et paysage institutionnel
Chapitre 7. Les réseaux de politiques publiques transfrontaliers ouest-africains
Chapitre 8. Représentations spatiales et coopération transfrontalière en Afrique de l’Ouest
Veuillez consulter cet ouvrage en ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264265974-fr.
Cet ouvrage est publié sur OECD iLibrary, la bibliothèque en ligne de l’OCDE, qui regroupe tous les livres, périodiques et bases de données statistiques de l’Organisation. Rendez-vous sur le site www.oecd-ilibrary.org pour plus d’informations.
Coopération transfrontalière et réseaux de gouvernance en Afrique de l’Ouest
Sommaire
Cahiers de l’Afrique de l’Ouest
ISBN 978-92-64-26588-2 44 2016 02 2 P
Extrait
Cahiers de l’Afrique de l’Ouest
Cahiers de l’Afrique de l’Ouest
ehenombre personnes dans région plus petite Dendi, islelikely to get worse during the next Octoberde 2016 analysis of the la reached extremely highcomme levels oflefood 1 o sphère d’attraction des marchés gain serait de 2.4 millions deWhile personneslean ; season in June-August 2017. By Cadre harmonisé expands its insecurity (Maps & Facts n 44). frontaliers 30 minutes à 4first heures exprimé enaccess pourcentage (41 %), on Coopération transfrontalière coverage to–include for the time de humanitarian is improving, then, the Cadre harmonisé projecet réseaux de gouvernance en Afrique de l’Ouest du niveau de contraintes trajet – illustre la dimension fonctionnelle the s’aperçoit situation remains particularly tions indicate that the number of 16 out of 36 states, almost half of Sources : European Space Agency 2010 ; Moriconi-Ebrard, F., D. Harre et P. Heinrigs 2016 ; Open Street Map 2014 ; Global espace, RoadsIn Open Access states, Data Set 2016 ; des Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 2014in ; Global 2016 ; par les d’un caractérisée par interacparticulièrement élevé worrisome theAdministrative state représenté ofAreas Borno, Nigeria. these some eight severely food insecure people in the LandScan™ 2014 Global Population Database. Cette carte a été créée par l’institut de recherche Alterra (Université de Wageningen). tions socio-économiques denses.facing L’un des where frontières. Cetteofcarte interpelle sur les million people are currently nearly 60% the population 16 analysed states could reach 8 to plus grands de population est à la (3.3stratégies de distribution investisseacute food bassins insecurity (phases 3-5, 10 million people. Analytical tools, million people) are stilldes facing frontière Niger-Nigéria. Si l’on réduisait ments manière homogène, selon les October-December 2016). Due to acute food: de insecurity (phases 3-5), data collection methods and training l’effet-frontière d’uneinsurgency heure, les marchés priorités55politiques nationales, ou fonction the Boko Haram and including 000 people threatened for local administrations need to be frontaliers de l’haoussa pourraient by d’un espace potentiellement générateur further de massive population displacement, famine (phase 5). If no approdeveloped in order to fine-tune gagner potentiellement 44 millions plusmeasures d’intégration. Elle illustre the three northeastern states, de priate are being taken, également the and expand the analysis of the Cadre 9HSTCQE*cgfiic+ personnes. différence spatialise des potentiels développement immense Adamawa, Cette Borno and Yobe, have le current harmonisé to all parts of Nigeria. food anddenutrition situation gain potentiel espéré de population si des de la région et de ses répercussions sur OCDE/CSAO (2017), Coopération stratégies étaient mises en œuvre pour l’intensification du lien urbain-rural, les 1 West African tool to analyse and identify areas and transfrontalière et réseaux de gouveramount of people at risk ofde food and nutrition ou insecurity. réduire le nombre contrôles faciliter opportunités économiques ou encore la nance en Afrique de l’Ouest, Éditions les transactions, par exemple. Dans une sécurité alimentaire. OCDE, Paris, page 110. http://dx.doi. org/10.1787/9789264265974-fr DU SAHEL ET DE L'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST
Cette carte are estwithout sans préjudice territoire,over de any la souveraineté surinternational ce dernier,frontiers du tracé frontières These maps prejudice toduthestatut statusde of tout or sovereignty territory, to the s’exerçant delimitation of anddes boundaries and et to limites the name of any internationales, et We du encourage nom de tout ville ouPlease région. Nous de nos Veuillez nous informer et en faire territory, city or area. the territoire, use of our maps! include theencourageons Club’s copyright,l’utilisation inform or contact us cartes. for specific requests:
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WEST AFRICA DU SAHEL ET DE L'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST