The Roman numerals were probably inherited from the Etruscans. The note- worthya peculiarities are the lack of the zero, the subtractive principle wherebyb.
From A brief history of Mathematics by Dr. Karl Fink, in a translation by W. W. Beman and D. E. Smith
The Roman numerals were probably inherited from the Etruscans. The note-
a
b
worthy peculiarities are the lack of the zero, the subtractive principle whereby
the value of a symbol was diminished by placing before it one of lower order (IV=4, IX=9, XL=40, XC=90), even in cases where the language itself did not signify such a subtraction ; and nally the multiplicative eect of a bar over the numerals (II
= 2000,
XXX
= 30000,
C
= 100000).
Also for certain
fractions there are special symbols and names. According to Mommsen the Roman number-symbols I, V, X represent the nger, the hand, and the double hand.
2
Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Who probably invented the so-called Roman numerals ? What are the peculiarities of the Roman numerals ? How was denoted the zero ? Explain the subtractive principle. Explain the sentence even in cases where the language itself did not signify such a subtraction.
6. 7.
Explain the multiplicative eect of a bar over the numerals. What is Mommsen the Roman's explanation of the three main symbols ?
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