Measurements which depend on the difference in refractive ... .fr

2-Butanol. 2-Hexanone. 2-Chlorobutane. Butyric acid. 2,2,5-Trimethylhexane. Dibutyl ether. Butanol .... cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene ... 2-Methylcyclohexanol. AHrc- ...
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C o m m o n

S o l v e n t s

H a n s - G . Elias Michigan Molecular Institute, 1910 West St. Andrews Rd., Midland, Ml 48640, USA

A.

INTRODUCTION

Solvents

Measurements which depend on the difference in refractive index between the polymer and the solvent will, in general, give greater accuracy as the refractive index increment between polymer and solvent is increased. The magnitude of the increment may be either positive or negative. Systems involving refractive index increments are those of light scattering and ultracentrifugation when either schlieren or interference optics is used. A table of commonly used solvents, arranged according to increasing refractive index, will be useful in practical work with many different polymers. Data at 25°C, D-line. B. TABLE OF REFRACTIVE INDICES OF COMMON SOLVENTS Solvents

Trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroethanol Octafluoro-1 -pentanol Dodecafluoro-1 -heptanol Methanol Acetonitrile Ethyl ether Acetone Ethyl formate Ethanol Methyl acetate Propionitrile 2,2-Dimethylbutane Isopropyl ether 2-Methylpentane Formic acid Ethyl acetate Acetic acid Propionaldehyde n-Hexane 2,3-Dimethylbutane 3-Methylpentane 2-Propanol Isopropyl acetate Propyl formate

Refractive index 1.283 1.290 1.316 1.316 1.326 1.342 1.352 1.357 1.358 1.359 1.360 1.363 1.366 1.367 1.369 1.369 1.370 1.370 1.371 1.372 1.372 1.374 1.375 1.375 1.375

2-Chloropropane 2-Butanone Butyraldehyde 2,4-Dimethylpentane Propyl ether Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal Butyl ethyl ether Nitromethane Trifluoropropanol 2-Methylhexane Butyronitrile Propyl acetate Ethyl propionate 2-Methyl-2-propanol Propanol Isobutyl formate Diethyl carbonate Heptane /-Butanol Propionic acid 3-Methylhexane Propylamine 3-Methyl-2-butanone 1-Chloropropane 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 5-Butyl acetate Butyl formate Isobutyl acetate 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3-Dimethylpentane Acetic anhydride Diisopropylamine 2-Butylamine 2-Pentanone 3-Pentanone Nitroethane Methyl n-butyrate Butyl acetate 2-Nitropropane 4-Methyl-2-propanone 2-Methyl-1 -propanol Octane

Refractive index 1.376 1.377 1.378 1.379 1.379 1.379 1.380 1.380 1.381 1.382 1.382 1.382 1.382 1.383 1.383 1.383 1.383 1.385 1.385 1.385 1.386 1.386 1.386 1.386 1.387 1.387 1.387 1.388 1.389 1.389 1.389 1.390 1.390 1.390 1.390 1.390 1.391 1.392 1.392 1.394 1.394 1.395

Solvents Isobutylamine Valeronitrile 2-Butanol 2-Hexanone 2-Chlorobutane Butyric acid 2,2,5-Trimethylhexane Dibutyl ether Butanol Acrolein 1 -Chloro-2-methylpropane Methacrylonitrile 3-Methyl-2-pentanone Triethylamine Butylamine 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone Isobutyl ft-butyrate 1-Nitropropane Dodecane Amyl acetate 1-Chlorobutane 2-Methoxyethanol Propionic anhydride 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane 1-Chlorobutane P-Methoxypropionitrile Isovaleric acid Nonane Dipropylamine Isoamyl acetate Cyclopentane 2-Methyl-2-butanol 3-Methyl-l-butanol Tetrahydrofuran Capronitrile 4-Heptanone 2-Ethoxyethanol 2-Heptanone Valeric acid Diisobutylene Methylcyclopentane Isoamyl ether 2-Pentanol Tributyl borate Pentanol 3-Methyl-2-butanol Diethyl oxalate Decane 4-Methyl-2-pentanol 3-Isopropyl-2-pentanone 2-Methyl-1 -butanol Butyric anhydride Amyl ether Isoamyl isovalerate 1-Chloropentane Allyl alcohol

Refractive index 1.395 1.395 1.395 1.395 1.395 1.396 1.397 1.397 1.397 1.397 1.397 1.398 1.398 1.399 1.399 1.399 1.399 1.399 1.400 1.400 1.400 1.400 1.400 1.401 1.401 1.401 1.402 1.403 1.403 1.403 1.404 1.404 1.404 1.404 1.405 1.405 1.405 1.406 1.406 1.407 1.407 1.405 1.407 1.407 1.408 1.408 1.408 1.409 1.409 1.409 1.409 1.409 1.410 1.410 1.410 1.411

Solvents 2,4-Dimethyldioxane Ethyl lactate Diethyl malonate 3-Chloropropene Ethylene glycol diacetate 2-Octanone 3-Octanone 3-Methyl-2-heptanone Caproic acid 4-Methyldioxane 1,2-Propylene glycol monobutyl ether Ethyl cyanoacetate Dibutylamine Hexanol 2-Pentanol 1,1 -Dichloroethane Heptachlorodiethyl ether 3-Methoxypropylamine Caprylonitrile 2-Heptanol Allylamine 1,2-Propylene glycol carbonate 2-Heptanol 3-Methyl-2-pentanol 2-Ethyl-l-butanol 1 -Chloro-2-methyl-1 -propene 1,4-Dioxane Methylcyclopropane 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone Heptanol 3-Isopropyl-2-heptanone Cyclohexane 2-Bromopropane 3-Chloro-2-methyl-1 -propene Caprylic acid Ethylene carbonate Octanol 3-Methyl-2-heptanol Af,A^Dimethylformamide Sulfuric acid 1-Chlorooctane Triisobutylene Af-Methylalaninenitrile 1,2-Ethanediol 1 -Chloro-2-ethylhexane Ethylcyclohexane 1,2-Propanediol 1-Bromopropane 2-Methyl-7-ethyl-4-nonanone Ethylene glycol monoallyl ether Butyrolactone 2-Methyl-7-ethyl-undecanone 1,2-Dichloroisobutane 1,2-Propylene glycol sulfite Af-Methylmorpholine ChlorcK-butanol

Refractive index 1.412 1.412 1.412 1.413 1.413 1.414 1.414 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.415 1.416 1.416 1.416 1.416 1.416 1.417 1.418 1.418 1.419 1.419 1.420 1.420 1.420 1.420 1.420 1.421 1.421 1.422 1.423 1.424 1.424 1.425 1.426 1.426 1.427 1.427 1.427 1.427 1.428 1.429 1.429 1.429 1.430 1.431 1.431 1.431 1.433 1.434 1.434 1.435 1.435 1.435 1.436 1.436

Solvents Epichlorohydrin Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether 2-Methyl-7-ethyl-4-nonanol 5-Ethyl-2-nonanol 6-Ethyl-3-octanol 1,3-Propanediol Diethyl maleate Butanethiol Dibutyl sebacate 2-Chloroethanol 6-Ethyl-3-decanol 1 -Chlorododecane 3-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol Dimethyl maleate 2-Methyl-7-ethyl-4-undecanol Ethyl sulfide Mesityl oxide Butyl stearate Cyclohexene Lauryl glycidyl ether Dibutyl maleate 1,3-Butylene glycol sulfite 1,2-Dichloroethane Glycol sulfite Chloroform 1 -Chlorotetradecane Diethylene glycol cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2-Butyloctyl-3-aminopropyl ether 2-Methylmorpholine Formamide 3-Lauryl-1 -hydroxypropylamine Ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether 1 -Chlorohexanedecane Cyclohexanone 1 - Amino-2-propanol Diethylene glycol mono-P-hydroxyisopropyl ether 1 - Amino-2-methyl-2-pentanol Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol 2-Propylcyclohexanone 2-Aminoethanol 1,4-Butanediol glycidyl ether 4-Chloro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one 1 -Chlorooctadecane 2-Butylcyclohexanone Ethylenediamine 2-((3-Methyl)propylcyclohexanone 4-Methylcyclohexanol 3-Methylcyclohexanol Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether Cyclohexyl methacrylate 1,8-Cineole 2,2/-Dimethyl-2,2/-dipropyl diethanolamine 1,3-Butanediol glycidyl ether

Refractive index 1.436 1.437 1.438 1.438 1.438 1.438 1.438 1.440 1.440 1.440 1.441 1.441 1.441 1.441 1.442 1.442 1.442 1.442 1.443 1.443 1.444 1.444 1.444 1.444 1.444 1.445 1.445 1.445 1.446 1.446 1.446 1.447 1.447 1.448 1.448 1.448 1.448 1.449 1.450 1.452 1.452 1.452 1.452 1.453 1.453 1.454 1.454 1.454 1.455 1.455 1.456 1.456 1.456 1.456

Solvents 1-Chloroeicosane Oleic acid (1,1 ',^'-Tetramethyl) diethanolamine 3-Aminopropanol Carbon tetrachloride 3-Methyl-5-ethyl-2,4-heptanediol 2-((3-Ethyl)butylcyclohexanone 2-Methylcyclohexanol AHrc-ButyOdiethanolamine 4,5-Dichloro-l,3-dioxolane-2-one 2-Butylcyclohexanol N- P-Hydroxypropylmorpholine 2-(P-Ethyl)hexylcyclohexanone 2-Ethylcyclohexanol Fluorobenzene D-a-Pinene L-a-Pinene Cyclohexanol m-Fluorotoluene /?-Fluorotoluene AH2-Hydroxyethyl)-2hydroxybutylamine 4-Chloromethyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one ^rarcs-Decahydronaphthalene