Multivariate exploration of the questionnaire and ... - EnQuireR

twice.a.month ). • Budget.Fastfood ( between.10.20euros , less.than.10euros ). • Frequency.consume.delivered.food ( less.than.once.a.month , once.a.month ,.
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Multivariate exploration of the questionnaire and typology of the surveyed people The results are provided by the EnQuireR package July 28, 2010

Contents 1 Quick overview of the questionnaire

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2 Multivariate exploration of the questionnaire 2.1 Graphical representations of the questionnaire . . 2.2 Highlights on the two principal axes of variability 2.2.1 First axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 Second axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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3 Typology on the individuals 13 3.1 Choice of the number of clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2 Simultaneous comparison of the clusters with respect with the most relevant variables 15 3.2.1 Number of individuals by cluster for the variable Purpose.cooking . . . . . 15 3.2.2 Number of individuals by cluster for the variable Possess.cookbooks . . . . 16 3.2.3 Number of individuals by cluster for the variable Like.cooking . . . . . . . 17 3.2.4 Number of individuals by cluster for the variable recipes.from.books . . . . 18 3.2.5 Number of individuals by cluster for the variable frequency.consume.starchyfood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.2.6 Number of individuals by cluster for the variable consume.mostly.pasta . . 20 3.2.7 Number of individuals by cluster for the variable Possess.kitchenwares . . . 21 3.2.8 Number of individuals by cluster for the variable recipes.from.cooking.shows 22 3.2.9 Number of individuals by cluster for the variable consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.2.10 Number of individuals by cluster for the variable consume.mostly.raw.vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.3 Automatic description of each cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

List of Figures 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Representations of the individuals and of the categories on axes 1 and 2 . . . . . . Representation of the individuals using density curbs and enhanced representation of the categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Representation of the supplementary quantitative variable(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of clusters chosen by the analyst; representation of the individuals according to their cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Centers of gravity with confidence ellipses; representation of the individuals according to their cluster with density curbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of individuals per cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variable Purpose.cooking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variable Possess.cookbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variable Like.cooking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variable recipes.from.books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variable frequency.consume.starchyfood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

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12 13 14 15 16

Variable Variable Variable Variable Variable

consume.mostly.pasta . . . . . . . Possess.kitchenwares . . . . . . . . recipes.from.cooking.shows . . . . consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables consume.mostly.raw.vegetables . .

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1

Quick overview of the questionnaire

The analysis was performed on 105 individuals described by 49 variables: •

consume.mostly.pasta ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.rice ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.potatoes ( no , yes )



frequency.consume.starchyfood ( more.than.once.a.day , more.than.once.a.week , once.a.day , once.a.week )



consume.mostly.milk ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.cheese ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.cream ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.yoghurt ( no , yes )



frequency.consume.dairy.products ( more.than.once.a.day , more.than.once.a.week , never , once.a.day , once.a.week )



frequency.consume.eggs ( more.than.once.a.week , never , once.a.day , once.a.week )



consume.mostly.pork ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.beef ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.poultry ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.veal ( no , yes )



frequency.consume.meat ( more.than.once.a.day , more.than.once.a.week , never , once.a.day , once.a.week )



consume.mostly.steam.fish ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.fried.fish ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.pickled.in.brine.fish ( no , yes )



frequency.consume.fish ( more.than.once.a.week , never , once.a.month , once.a.week , twice a month )



Possess.cookbooks ( no , yes )



Cooking.self.educated ( most , completely , slightly , medium , not.at.all )



Watch.cooking.shows ( no , yes )



recipes.from.Internet ( no , yes )



recipes.from.books ( no , yes )



recipes.from.newspapers ( no , yes )



recipes.from.cooking.shows ( no , yes )



parents.teach ( no , yes )



friends.teach ( no , yes )



grandparents.teach ( no , yes )



myself.teach ( no , yes )



cooker.teach ( no , yes ) 3



Possess.kitchenwares ( a.lot , little , average , minimum , quite.a.lot )



Like.cooking ( no , yes )



Purpose.cooking ( both.pleasure.and.feeding , feeding , more.feeding.than.pleasure , more.pleasure.than.feeding , pleasure )



frequency.consume.vegetables ( more.than.once.a.day , more.than.once.week , once.a.day , once.a.week )



consume.mostly.raw.vegetables ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.green.vegetables ( no , yes )



frequency.consume.fruits ( more.than.once.a.day , more.than.once.a.week , never , once.a.day , once.a.week )



consume.mostly.season.fruits ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.out.of.season.fruits ( no , yes )



consume.mostly.exotic.fruits ( no , yes )



Frequency.restaurants ( less.than.once.a.month , once.a.month , once.a.week , twice.a.month )



Budget.Restaurants ( between.10.20euros , less.than.10euros , more.than.20euros )



Frequency.fastfood ( less.than.once.a.month , once.a.month , once.a.week , twice.a.month )



Budget.Fastfood ( between.10.20euros , less.than.10euros )



Frequency.consume.delivered.food twice.a.month )



Frequency.supermarket ( less.than.once.a.month , more.than.once.a.week , once.a.month , once.a.week , twice.a.month )



Budget.Market ( between.20.40euros , less.than.20euros , more.than.40euros )

( less.than.once.a.month ,

Moreover, the dataset contained 0% of missing values.

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once.a.month ,

2

Multivariate exploration of the questionnaire

2.1

Graphical representations of the questionnaire

The following results are obtained by performing a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) on the previous 49 variables. This method provides two important graphical displays, a representation of the individuals (surveyed people) and a representation of the categories (answers given by the surveyed people). The first two main axes of variability explain 11.36% of the information contained in the dataset (6.11% for the first factorial axis and 5.25% for the second one). In some cases the analyst may want to introduce supplementary quantitative variables.

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MCA factor map

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MCA factor map 2.5



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consume.mostly.season.fruits_no

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feeding

consume.mostly.out.of.season.fruits_yes job.mother_worker Frequency.supermarket_more.than.once.a.week cooker.teach_yes frequency.consume.fish_more.than.once.a.week consume.mostly.pasta_no Frequency.consume.delivered.food_twice.a.month quiet consume.mostly.veal_yes Like.cooking_no frequency.consume.fruits_more.than.once.a.day parents.teach_no traditional.education frequency.consume.starchyfood_more.than.once.a.day more.than.40euros Frequency.fastfood_once.a.week frequency.consume.vegetables_more.than.once.a.day Frequency.restaurants_twice.a.month consume.mostly.cheese_no frequency.consume.starchyfood_once.a.week Possess.cookbooks_no recipes.from.books_no minimum frequency.consume.fruits_once.a.week frequency.consume.dairy.products_once.a.week hobby.Internet_yes recipes.from.Internet_no frequency.consume.dairy.products_more.than.once.a.week job.father_worker Frequency.supermarket_once.a.week frequency.consume.eggs_once.a.week consume.mostly.cream_yes consume.mostly.poultry_no very.quiet Frequency.restaurants_once.a.week consume.mostly.raw.vegetables_yes consume.mostly.milk_no hobby.Theatre_yesBudget.Restaurants_more.than.20euros slightly frequency.at.home_twice.a.month frequency.consume.dairy.products_more.than.once.a.day male job.father_employee Frequency.fastfood_less.than.once.a.month consume.mostly.rice_no consume.mostly.steam.fish_no once.month.canteen consume.mostly.potatoes_no recipes.from.cooking.shows_yes frequency.consume.meat_once.a.week consume.mostly.fried.fish_yes job.mother_employee consume.mostly.exotic.fruits_no more.feeding.than.pleasure most consume.mostly.beef_no grandparents.teach_no frequency.at.home_once.a.month never.canteen consume.mostly.green.vegetables_no Raised_countryside job.father_no.occupation job.father_manager recipes.from.newspapers_no hobby.Art_yes friends.teach_no average hobby.Trip_yes consume.mostly.yoghurt_yes hobby.Music_no consume.mostly.pork_yes Frequency.restaurants_less.than.once.a.month hobby.Sport_no hobby.Cinema_no Living_countryside hobby.Party_no little Budget.Fastfood_between.10.20euros consume.mostly.pickled.in.brine.fish_no everyday.canteen Watch.cooking.shows_yes Budget.Fastfood_less.than.10euros Watch.cooking.shows_no Frequency.consume.delivered.food_less.than.once.a.month hobby.Trip_no hobby.Art_no Living_town hobby.Theatre_no recipes.from.cooking.shows_no hobby.Internet_no cooker.teach_no openminded.education once.week.canteen hobby.Sport_yes consume.mostly.cream_no parents.teach_yes recipes.from.Internet_yes Budget.Restaurants_between.10.20euros consume.mostly.pork_no myself.teach_no consume.mostly.pickled.in.brine.fish_yes frequency.consume.meat_once.a.day consume.mostly.veal_no slightly.traditional.education frequency.consume.fish_once.a.week job.mother_craftman.shopkeeper.companyhead consume.mostly.beef_yes female frequency.consume.starchyfood_once.a.day more.pleasure.than.feeding Raised_town dynamic hobby.Music_yes slightly.quiet ● consume.mostly.fried.fish_no between.20.40euros job.mother_manager quite.a.lot friends.teach_yes consume.mostly.steam.fish_yes consume.mostly.green.vegetables_yes frequency.consume.eggs_more.than.once.a.week recipes.from.books_yes very.openminded.education consume.mostly.season.fruits_yes consume.mostly.raw.vegetables_no Possess.cookbooks_yes consume.mostly.out.of.season.fruits_no consume.mostly.yoghurt_no mediumless.than.20euros Like.cooking_yes frequency.consume.fish_once.a.month consume.mostly.pasta_yes pleasure consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables_yes consume.mostly.poultry_yes Frequency.fastfood_once.a.month job.mother_no.occupation frequency.consume.eggs_once.a.day frequency.consume.vegetables_once.a.day frequency.consume.fruits_once.a.day consume.mostly.potatoes_yes frequency.at.home_once.a.week grandparents.teach_yes frequency.consume.fish_twice a month job.father_retired frequency.consume.starchyfood_more.than.once.a.week Frequency.supermarket_once.a.month job.father_farmer recipes.from.newspapers_yes a.lot job.father_craftman.shopkeeper.companyhead job.mother_retired consume.mostly.rice_yes consume.mostly.milk_yes hobby.Cinema_yes frequency.consume.dairy.products_once.a.day Frequency.supermarket_twice.a.month Frequency.restaurants_once.a.month not.often.canteen consume.mostly.exotic.fruits_yes frequency.consume.meat_more.than.once.a.week very.dynamic hobby.Party_yes frequency.at.home_once.a.year both.pleasure.and.feeding job.mother_farmer very.traditional.education consume.mostly.cheese_yes frequency.at.home_everyday Frequency.fastfood_twice.a.month frequency.consume.fruits_more.than.once.a.week frequency.consume.vegetables_more.than.once.week



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Figure 1: Representations of the individuals and of the categories on axes 1 and 2

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Density curbs

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MCA factor map

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consume.mostly.out.of.season.fruits_yes Frequency.supermarket_more.than.once.a.week cooker.teach_yesfrequency.consume.fish_more.than.once.a.week consume.mostly.pasta_no quiet frequency.consume.fruits_more.than.once.a.day traditional.educationLike.cooking_no more.than.40euros Frequency.fastfood_once.a.week frequency.consume.vegetables_more.than.once.a.day Frequency.restaurants_twice.a.month consume.mostly.cheese_no frequency.consume.starchyfood_once.a.week Possess.cookbooks_no recipes.from.books_no minimum frequency.consume.dairy.products_more.than.once.a.week Frequency.supermarket_once.a.week consume.mostly.poultry_no Frequency.restaurants_once.a.week consume.mostly.raw.vegetables_yes consume.mostly.milk_no hobby.Theatre_yes slightly frequency.at.home_twice.a.month male job.father_employee Frequency.fastfood_less.than.once.a.month consume.mostly.rice_no consume.mostly.steam.fish_no recipes.from.cooking.shows_yes frequency.consume.meat_once.a.week consume.mostly.fried.fish_yes job.mother_employee consume.mostly.exotic.fruits_no consume.mostly.beef_no grandparents.teach_no frequency.at.home_once.a.month recipes.from.newspapers_no hobby.Art_yes friends.teach_no consume.mostly.yoghurt_yes consume.mostly.pork_yes hobby.Cinema_no hobby.Party_no little consume.mostly.pickled.in.brine.fish_no Watch.cooking.shows_yes Watch.cooking.shows_no hobby.Art_no hobby.Theatre_no recipes.from.cooking.shows_no cooker.teach_no recipes.from.Internet_yes myself.teach_no consume.mostly.beef_yes female frequency.consume.starchyfood_once.a.day more.pleasure.than.feeding dynamic slightly.quiet ● consume.mostly.fried.fish_no between.20.40euros quite.a.lot consume.mostly.steam.fish_yes recipes.from.books_yes consume.mostly.season.fruits_yes consume.mostly.raw.vegetables_no Possess.cookbooks_yes consume.mostly.out.of.season.fruits_no Like.cooking_yes consume.mostly.pasta_yes pleasure consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables_yes consume.mostly.poultry_yes frequency.consume.vegetables_once.a.day frequency.consume.fruits_once.a.day consume.mostly.potatoes_yes frequency.at.home_once.a.week grandparents.teach_yes frequency.consume.fish_twice a month recipes.from.newspapers_yes a.lot job.father_craftman.shopkeeper.companyhead consume.mostly.rice_yes consume.mostly.milk_yes hobby.Cinema_yes frequency.consume.dairy.products_once.a.day Frequency.supermarket_twice.a.month Frequency.restaurants_once.a.month not.often.canteen frequency.consume.meat_more.than.once.a.week very.dynamic hobby.Party_yes both.pleasure.and.feeding job.mother_farmer consume.mostly.cheese_yes frequency.at.home_everyday Frequency.fastfood_twice.a.month frequency.consume.fruits_more.than.once.a.week frequency.consume.vegetables_more.than.once.week

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Figure 2: Representation of the individuals using density curbs and enhanced representation of the categories

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Figure 3: Representation of the supplementary quantitative variable(s)

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Age

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Supplementary variables on the MCA factor map

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2.2 2.2.1

Highlights on the two principal axes of variability Characterization of the first factorial axis

The most meaningful variables characterizing the first factorial axis are: •

Purpose.cooking



Possess.cookbooks



Like.cooking



frequency.consume.vegetables



Possess.kitchenwares



recipes.from.books



Frequency.fastfood



frequency.consume.starchyfood



frequency.consume.fruits



consume.mostly.beef



consume.mostly.steam.fish



consume.mostly.poultry



consume.mostly.raw.vegetables



recipes.from.cooking.shows



grandparents.teach



Watch.cooking.shows



Cooking.self.educated



cooker.teach



consume.mostly.pasta



consume.mostly.fried.fish



consume.mostly.milk



Frequency.restaurants



frequency.consume.meat



frequency.consume.fish



recipes.from.newspapers



consume.mostly.cream

The most meaningful categories characterizing the positive side of the first axis are: •

Possess.cookbooks_no – Contribution: 6.28 – V-Test: 6.71 – Frequency in the population: 23.81 %



Like.cooking_no 7

– Contribution: 5.66 – V-Test: 6.22 – Frequency in the population: 20 % •

feeding – Contribution: 5.62 – V-Test: 5.89 – Frequency in the population: 11.43 %



frequency.consume.vegetables_once.a.week – Contribution: 2.37 – V-Test: 3.69 – Frequency in the population: 4.76 %



recipes.from.books_no – Contribution: 2.95 – V-Test: 4.66 – Frequency in the population: 25.71 %



consume.mostly.beef_yes – Contribution: 1.43 – V-Test: 4.27 – Frequency in the population: 57.14 %



minimum – Contribution: 2.23 – V-Test: 3.75 – Frequency in the population: 13.33 %



consume.mostly.steam.fish_no – Contribution: 1.61 – V-Test: 3.89 – Frequency in the population: 41.9 %



frequency.consume.starchyfood_once.a.day – Contribution: 0.56 – V-Test: 2.68 – Frequency in the population: 57.14 %



consume.mostly.poultry_no – Contribution: 1.49 – V-Test: 3.78 – Frequency in the population: 42.86 %

The most meaningful categories characterizing the negative side of the first axis are: •

Possess.cookbooks_yes – Contribution: 1.96 – V-Test: -6.71 8

– Frequency in the population: 76.19 % •

frequency.consume.vegetables_more.than.once.a.day – Contribution: 3.91 – V-Test: -5.97 – Frequency in the population: 40 %



Like.cooking_yes – Contribution: 1.41 – V-Test: -6.22 – Frequency in the population: 80 %



more.pleasure.than.feeding – Contribution: 2.03 – V-Test: -4.52 – Frequency in the population: 45.71 %



pleasure – Contribution: 1.24 – V-Test: -2.8 – Frequency in the population: 13.33 %



frequency.consume.starchyfood_once.a.week – Contribution: 4.07 – V-Test: -4.96 – Frequency in the population: 9.52 %



recipes.from.books_yes – Contribution: 1.02 – V-Test: -4.66 – Frequency in the population: 74.29 %



Frequency.fastfood_less.than.once.a.month – Contribution: 1.41 – V-Test: -3.98 – Frequency in the population: 51.43 %



a.lot – Contribution: 1.97 – V-Test: -3.49 – Frequency in the population: 11.43 %



consume.mostly.beef_no – Contribution: 1.91 – V-Test: -4.27 – Frequency in the population: 42.86 %

9

2.2.2

Characterization on the second factorial axis

The most meaningful variables characterizing the second factorial axis are: •

frequency.consume.vegetables



consume.mostly.cheese



consume.mostly.season.fruits



consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables



frequency.consume.fruits



frequency.consume.eggs



frequency.consume.meat



frequency.consume.fish



consume.mostly.out.of.season.fruits



Frequency.supermarket



consume.mostly.pasta



Frequency.fastfood



Purpose.cooking



Cooking.self.educated



frequency.consume.dairy.products



Like.cooking



Frequency.restaurants



consume.mostly.milk



Budget.Restaurants



consume.mostly.raw.vegetables



myself.teach



consume.mostly.poultry



consume.mostly.rice



frequency.consume.starchyfood



Budget.Fastfood



consume.mostly.potatoes

The most meaningful categories characterizing the positive side of the second axis are: •

consume.mostly.cheese_no – Contribution: 2.91 – V-Test: 5.41 – Frequency in the population: 53.33 %



consume.mostly.season.fruits_no 10

– Contribution: 5.49 – V-Test: 5.25 – Frequency in the population: 6.67 % •

consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables_no – Contribution: 5 – V-Test: 5.2 – Frequency in the population: 13.33 %



frequency.consume.vegetables_once.a.week – Contribution: 3.11 – V-Test: 3.92 – Frequency in the population: 4.76 %



frequency.consume.eggs_never – Contribution: 4.67 – V-Test: 4.73 – Frequency in the population: 1.9 %



feeding – Contribution: 3.26 – V-Test: 4.16 – Frequency in the population: 11.43 %



consume.mostly.out.of.season.fruits_yes – Contribution: 2.99 – V-Test: 4.05 – Frequency in the population: 14.29 %



frequency.consume.fish_more.than.once.a.week – Contribution: 3.94 – V-Test: 4.73 – Frequency in the population: 17.14 %



consume.mostly.pasta_no – Contribution: 2.2 – V-Test: 3.53 – Frequency in the population: 17.14 %



not.at.all – Contribution: 2.97 – V-Test: 3.82 – Frequency in the population: 4.76 %

The most meaningful categories characterizing the negative side of the second axis are: •

consume.mostly.cheese_yes – Contribution: 3.32 11

– V-Test: -5.41 – Frequency in the population: 46.67 % •

consume.mostly.season.fruits_yes – Contribution: 0.39 – V-Test: -5.25 – Frequency in the population: 93.33 %



consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables_yes – Contribution: 0.77 – V-Test: -5.2 – Frequency in the population: 86.67 %



frequency.consume.vegetables_more.than.once.week – Contribution: 1.9 – V-Test: -3.28 – Frequency in the population: 17.14 %



frequency.consume.eggs_more.than.once.a.week – Contribution: 0.62 – V-Test: -2.52 – Frequency in the population: 54.29 %



frequency.consume.meat_more.than.once.a.week – Contribution: 1.37 – V-Test: -3.04 – Frequency in the population: 30.48 %



frequency.consume.fruits_more.than.once.a.week – Contribution: 1.86 – V-Test: -3.34 – Frequency in the population: 21.9 %



frequency.consume.vegetables_once.a.day – Contribution: 1.28 – V-Test: -3.11 – Frequency in the population: 38.1 %



consume.mostly.out.of.season.fruits_no – Contribution: 0.5 – V-Test: -4.05 – Frequency in the population: 85.71 %



frequency.consume.eggs_once.a.day – Contribution: 0.19 – V-Test: -0.99 – Frequency in the population: 10.48 %

12

3

Typology on the individuals

3.1

Choice of the number of clusters

The ascendant hierarchical clustering (AHC) lead to a partition made of 3 clusters. Those clusters are displayed in the following representations: a graphical representation of the individuals according to the cluster they belong to, a representation of the center of gravity of each group enhanced by a confidence ellipse, a representation of the individuals according to the cluster they belong to by the use of density curbs.

Choice of the number of clusters by cutting the dendrogram

1 2 3

1 14 ●

4

1.0

5

MCA factor map

77 ●



83 ●

81 31

27 ●





7 ●

38







78

87 94 50 101 ● ● 9 ● 54 ● 8 ● 5376 57 102 98 ● 25● ● 35 67 91 ● ● ● ● ● 28 89 100 29 ● 92 ● 104 ● 46 10 ● 16 ● 99 ●● ● 12 ● ● ● ● 37 ● ● ● 93 23 ● 60 ● 84 39 90 26 ● ● 103 ●19 72 ● 97 ● 61 674●● 68 ● ● 65 71 ● ● 18 96 ● ● ● 42 ● 63 105 51● 95444 62● ● ● 36 ● ● ● ●● 20 24 ● 69 ● 64 ● ● ● 59 ● ● 79 49 56 457011 ● 8032 66 2 58 40 13 ● ● ● ● ●22 ● ● 86 43● 755 ● 73 ● ● ● ●82 ● ● ● 15

55 ●



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33 ●

88 ●

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0

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48





41 47 1730 52● ● ●

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Dim 2 (5.319%)

2

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1

Height

3

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85

39 12 25 35 53 28 101 93 99 46 38 48 26 3 8 40 91 9 33 94 18 88 61 78 83 31 77 54 76 100 37 50 71 65 67 98 62 64 72 104 74 63 105 92 10 16 15 102 84 23 29 57 87 68 7 66 4 49 13 51 86 6 90 43 96 95 44 97 103 5 73 75 36 32 58 59 80 11 24 2 20 79 82 89 70 22 34 60 56 69 19 45 21 1 14 81 85 27 30 41 47 55 52 17 42

34 ●

−1.0

dist hclust (*, "ward")

−0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

Dim 1 (6.662%)

Figure 4: Number of clusters chosen by the analyst; representation of the individuals according to their cluster

13

Confidence ellipses for the mean points

Density curbs

1.0

0.6

1 2 3

1

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6

0.

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2.

2.1

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2.

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Dim 2 ( 5.319 %)

0.2

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2.

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classe 2

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classe 3

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0.

classe 1

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Dim 2 (5.319%)

7

0. 6 ●

−0.6

−0.4

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0.0

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−1.0

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Dim 1 (6.662%)

0.0

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Dim 1 ( 6.662 %)

Figure 5: Centers of gravity with confidence ellipses; representation of the individuals according to their cluster with density curbs

number of individuals by groups

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 group 1

group 2

group 3

Figure 6: Number of individuals per cluster

14

3.2 3.2.1

Simultaneous comparison of the clusters with respect with the most relevant variables Number of individuals by cluster for the variable Purpose.cooking

Purpose.cooking by cluster 70 1st bar: both.pleasure.and.feeding 2nd bar: feeding 3rd bar: more.feeding.than.pleasure 4 th bar: more.pleasure.than.feeding 5 th bar: pleasure

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 group 1

group 2

Figure 7: Variable Purpose.cooking

15

group 3

3.2.2

Number of individuals by cluster for the variable Possess.cookbooks

Possess.cookbooks by cluster

1st bar: Possess.cookbooks_no 2nd bar: Possess.cookbooks_yes

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 group 1

group 2

Figure 8: Variable Possess.cookbooks

16

group 3

3.2.3

Number of individuals by cluster for the variable Like.cooking

Like.cooking by cluster

1st bar: Like.cooking_no 2nd bar: Like.cooking_yes

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 group 1

group 2

Figure 9: Variable Like.cooking

17

group 3

3.2.4

Number of individuals by cluster for the variable recipes.from.books

recipes.from.books by cluster 70 1st bar: recipes.from.books_no 2nd bar: recipes.from.books_yes 60

50

40

30

20

10

0 group 1

group 2

Figure 10: Variable recipes.from.books

18

group 3

3.2.5

Number of individuals by cluster for the variable frequency.consume.starchyfood

frequency.consume.starchyfood by cluster

60

1st bar: frequency.consume.starchyfood_more.than.once.a.day 2nd bar: frequency.consume.starchyfood_more.than.once.a.week 3rd bar: frequency.consume.starchyfood_once.a.day 4 th bar: frequency.consume.starchyfood_once.a.week

50

40

30

20

10

0 group 1

group 2

group 3

Figure 11: Variable frequency.consume.starchyfood

19

3.2.6

Number of individuals by cluster for the variable consume.mostly.pasta

consume.mostly.pasta by cluster 70 1st bar: consume.mostly.pasta_no 2nd bar: consume.mostly.pasta_yes 60

50

40

30

20

10

0 group 1

group 2

Figure 12: Variable consume.mostly.pasta

20

group 3

3.2.7

Number of individuals by cluster for the variable Possess.kitchenwares

Possess.kitchenwares by cluster 60 1st bar: a.lot 2nd bar: little 3rd bar: average 4 th bar: minimum 5 th bar: quite.a.lot

50

40

30

20

10

0 group 1

group 2

group 3

Figure 13: Variable Possess.kitchenwares

21

3.2.8

Number of individuals by cluster for the variable recipes.from.cooking.shows

recipes.from.cooking.shows by cluster

1st bar: recipes.from.cooking.shows_no 2nd bar: recipes.from.cooking.shows_yes

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 group 1

group 2

group 3

Figure 14: Variable recipes.from.cooking.shows

22

3.2.9

Number of individuals by cluster for the variable consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables

consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables by cluster

1st bar: consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables_no 2nd bar: consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables_yes

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 group 1

group 2

group 3

Figure 15: Variable consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables

23

3.2.10

Number of individuals by cluster for the variable consume.mostly.raw.vegetables

consume.mostly.raw.vegetables by cluster 60 1st bar: consume.mostly.raw.vegetables_no 2nd bar: consume.mostly.raw.vegetables_yes 50

40

30

20

10

0 group 1

group 2

group 3

Figure 16: Variable consume.mostly.raw.vegetables

24

3.3

Automatic description of each cluster

The cluster 1 (13 individuals) includes the individuals possessing the following categories: •

frequency.consume.starchyfood=frequency.consume.starchyfood_once.a.week 9.52 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 53.85 % in the cluster 1 . Moreover, 70 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 1 .



consume.mostly.pasta=consume.mostly.pasta_no 17.14 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 69.23 % in the cluster 1 . Moreover, 50 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 1 .



consume.mostly.raw.vegetables=consume.mostly.raw.vegetables_yes 35.24 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 84.62 % in the cluster 1 . Moreover, 29.73 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 1 .



recipes.from.cooking.shows=recipes.from.cooking.shows_yes 7.62 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 38.46 % in the cluster 1 . Moreover, 62.5 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 1 .



frequency.consume.fruits=frequency.consume.fruits_more.than.once.a.day 28.57 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 69.23 % in the cluster 1 . Moreover, 30 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 1 .



consume.mostly.pork=consume.mostly.pork_yes 43.81 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 84.62 % in the cluster 1 . Moreover, 23.91 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 1 .



frequency.consume.fish=frequency.consume.fish_more.than.once.a.week 18.1 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 53.85 % in the cluster 1 . Moreover, 36.84 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 1 .



consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables=consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables_no 13.33 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 46.15 % in the cluster 1 . Moreover, 42.86 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 1 .



consume.mostly.rice=consume.mostly.rice_no 67.62 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 100 % in the cluster 1 . Moreover, 18.31 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 1 .



consume.mostly.milk=consume.mostly.milk_no 59.05 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 92.31 % in the cluster 1 . Moreover, 19.35 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 1 .

25

The cluster 2 (65 individuals) includes the individuals possessing the following categories: •

Like.cooking=Like.cooking_yes 80 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 96.92 % in the cluster 2 . Moreover, 75 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 2 .



Possess.cookbooks=Possess.cookbooks_yes 76.19 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 93.85 % in the cluster 2 . Moreover, 76.25 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 2 .



recipes.from.books=recipes.from.books_yes 74.29 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 87.69 % in the cluster 2 . Moreover, 73.08 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 2 .



consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables=consume.mostly.cooked.vegetables_yes 86.67 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 95.38 % in the cluster 2 . Moreover, 68.13 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 2 .



Frequency.supermarket=Frequency.supermarket_twice.a.month 42.86 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 53.85 % in the cluster 2 . Moreover, 77.78 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 2 .



Purpose.cooking=pleasure 13.33 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 20 % in the cluster 2 . Moreover, 92.86 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 2 .



Possess.kitchenwares=quite.a.lot 29.52 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 38.46 % in the cluster 2 . Moreover, 80.65 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 2 .



Purpose.cooking=more.pleasure.than.feeding 45.71 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 55.38 % in the cluster 2 . Moreover, 75 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 2 .



consume.mostly.milk=consume.mostly.milk_yes 40.95 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 49.23 % in the cluster 2 . Moreover, 74.42 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 2 .

The cluster 3 (27 individuals) includes the individuals possessing the following categories: •

Possess.cookbooks=Possess.cookbooks_no 23.81 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 74.07 % in the cluster 3 . Moreover, 80 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 3 . 26



Like.cooking=Like.cooking_no 20 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 66.67 % in the cluster 3 . Moreover, 85.71 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 3 .



recipes.from.books=recipes.from.books_no 25.71 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 70.37 % in the cluster 3 . Moreover, 70.37 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 3 .



Purpose.cooking=more.feeding.than.pleasure 9.52 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 37.04 % in the cluster 3 . Moreover, 100 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 3 .



Purpose.cooking=feeding 11.43 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 40.74 % in the cluster 3 . Moreover, 91.67 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 3 .



Possess.kitchenwares=minimum 13.33 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 37.04 % in the cluster 3 . Moreover, 71.43 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 3 .



Possess.kitchenwares=little 14.29 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 33.33 % in the cluster 3 . Moreover, 60 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 3 .



Sex=male 25.71 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 48.15 % in the cluster 3 . Moreover, 48.15 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 3 .



Frequency.fastfood=Frequency.fastfood_once.a.week 10.48 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 25.93 % in the cluster 3 . Moreover, 63.64 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 3 .



consume.mostly.steam.fish=consume.mostly.steam.fish_no 41.9 % of the individuals possess this category in the global population versus 62.96 % in the cluster 3 . Moreover, 38.64 % of the individuals possessing this category belong to the cluster 3 .

27