Feb 2, 1995 - Flight is an energetically costly form of locomotion ... M. H. Dickinson, Department of Organismal Biology and ..... 3. Predicted mechanical power (Pmech) as a function of elastic storage. .... REFERENCES AND NOTES. 1.

results are compared to macroscopic measurements on poly(vinyl-alcohol) gels. INTRODUCTION ..... For each polymer concentration, a relatively thick sample was made. (1 mm) and data were ...... poly(vinyl acetate) networks. Polymer Bull.

some energy can be saved by elastic recoil of cross-bridges within active ... increased force that muscles can exert by being actively stretched ...... 160. 180. 200. 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. H MP. E Ankle. Frame number. A ngle (degrees). 1. 2.

Aug 1, 2002 - It has been argued, however, that the principle of causality might ... ceed it. You can't. Nothing travels faster than the speed of light with ..... ignored. In the calculations that have been per- formed (see below) ... be quite good.

For a two-dimensional stress system (i.e. u3 = 0), principal stresses can be .... Thus the volumetric strain may be written in terms of the bulk modulus as follows:.

of z = 0. Physically, Equation 1.4 implies that the linear filaments of the plate initially ...... The solution of this quadratic equation is the critical load associated with ...

view of measurement methods and difficulties faced in the estimations of the Young's .... The experimental set-up for this test is quite similar to the compression one ... from measurements at various temperatures by using the Time-Temperature ...

suggest that Te reflects the integrated brittle, elastic and ductile strength of the lithosphere. Te differs .... Yield strength enve- lope (YSE) .... or Bouguer) is high enough to yield a reliable Te ..... (i.e. V35 km), the theoretical brittle rock

fiable structures, which form a part of the SEC) to ..... Note that aponeurosis length at short lengths of the active muscle is smaller than at I, in passive muscle, ...

near-infrared spectroscopy technique. Surface electromyograms (RMS) of both vastus lateralis and biceps femoris were also recorded. Furthermore, before and ...

b Laboratoire de Tectonique UMR7072, Universite¤ Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France ...... Te(elastic))6)31, Te(max)=120 km, Te(min) = 15 ...... [60] A.N.B. Poliakov, P. Cundall, Y. Podladchikov, V. Lay-.

Jun 23, 2001 - elastic energy does not enhance overall muscle efficiency, but that optimal efficiency ... that during locomotor actions muscle-tendon units can store mechanical work as ...... Pflu╚gers Arch 430:160±167. Cavagna GA, Kaneko ...

varying synergies', there is both a spatial component — ... Commonly, muscle synergies ... this hypothesis, often based on using statistical analyses ... Using such an approach, a wide range of motor behaviors ..... porting or falsifying the muscle

Theoretical Background ... From the tendon and joint displacement curve, the slope at ... The solid curve represents the muscle path obtained by using serial.

6. Limb oscillations during PSR steady- state result from interactions between .... slow-down is illustrated in, the preceding paper (see Fig, 6 ..... 141: 1-41, 1973,.

Apr 17, 1996 - study was conducted to evaluate (1) the force-length properties of a MT ... Force-length (FL) properties for the tendon, passive muscle, and ...

theory of central quadratic forms to show that the noncommutative. 3-spheres admit a ... as solutions of a basic equation of K-theoretic origin. This equation was ...

The neighborhood of a node is diffeomorphic to two discs with identified centers. A node can be desingularized in two different ways. We say that a node is ...

The Raising/Control Distinction and the Pragmatic Nature of Modals. Sumayya Racy, University of Arizona. This paper concerns the classification of modals (e.g. ...

but has the potential to create a new perspective on the individual mind and brain. ... action are two servants of the mind, residing in opposite wings of the mental ...

mediate way of social understanding and social interaction, based on the close link ..... will not be sufficient for successful coordination. Instead, to avoid going ...

plex cultural mix often combines the modern with classical elements to .... of course afflict a brand with harmful consequences (Cheong & Morrison. 2008). ... as others such as Twitter and LinkedIn – provide consumers with online .... Given the lac

Jun 14, 2002 - ments from the Naval Research Laboratory P-3 (P-3) and the University of ... layer slab model, based on the zero-order jump ap- proximation, which ...... the evaluation of the mesoscale variability of water va- por, since most of ...

Jun 14, 2002 - calculated by a soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer ..... free troposphere (C05, see their Fig. 3). ..... IEEE Trans. Geosci. ... Soc., 105, 673–693.