Vocabulary and diagrams. Vocabulary: continuous â bar graph - class - data â discrete â frequency â frequency table â pie chart â population - qualitative ...
Statistics : Vocabulary and diagrams Vocabulary: continuous – bar graph - class - data – discrete – frequency – frequency table – pie chart – population - qualitative - quantitative - sample – variable
Exercise 1: Statistical data Complete blanks with one of the following words: continuous - data – discrete - population (twice)- qualitative - quantitative - sample – variable Statistics is concerned with the collection and interpretation of numerical information. Numerical information is known as …………………… The collection of data is made by the use of taking a ……………….. from the …………………… being considered. The word …………………. in statistics does not necessarily refer to people. ……………………data is described using words. ……………………..data consists of numbers. Information which can be collected by counting is called ……………… data. For example, the number of children in a family, or the number of goals scored by a hockey team each week. …………………. data is collected by measurement, and includes such information as height or weight. The general name for the quantity being investigated is a …………………. Exercise 2: Statistical diagrams a) Bar graph A bar graph consists of a series of parallel bars (horizontal or vertical) whose lengths are proportional to the number of items in the group. Example: In studying a variety of pea, the number of peas in a sample of 40 pods was counted. The information was written on a piece of paper in the following way: 8 6 4 7 5 The information is best represented in the 4 4 5 66 78 form of a table, called a frequency table 35 5 4987 7 (frequency means the number of times 6 3 5 6 5 66 7 something happens). The table is obtained 45 48 3755 by a simple tally. 57 6 4 Fill in the blanks. The bar graph can now be drawn. The bars do not have to touch each other Number of peas Tally Total y frequency 3 111 3 Number of pods 1111 11 7 4 5 1111 1111 … 6 1111 111 … 7 1111 11 … 8 1111 … 9 1 …
1
0
1
Number of peas x
b) Pie chart Pie chart
Fill in the blanks.
3 9
In this type of diagram, the total number of items is represented by the ……………. of a circle. The size of each sector is ……………………….. to the angle of the sector representing it.
4
5
8 6 7
c) Histograms A histogram (not to be confused with a bar chart) is the display of the data in the form of a block graph where the area of each rectangle is proportional to the frequency. (When the rectangles are the same width, their heights too are proportional to the frequency and the histogram is just a bar chart.) An example of a histogram with unequal classes follows: The following table gives the distribution of the number of employees in 50 factories in the Midlands. Number of employees 0-39 40-59 60-79 80-99 100-139 Number of factories 5 9 7 6 7
Construct a histogram to show the distribution. y
You will notice there is no scale on the vertical axis, but there is a key showing what area represents one factory. 40-60 contains 9 units. 0-39 contains 4 units and two ½ units, making 5 units and therefore 5 factories.
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