EURO ENGLISH: MEDITERRANEAN SEA: A NORTH/SOUTH ZONE OF CONTACT: VOCABULARY: -Mediterranean climate: specific climate of the Mediterranean Sea. -Hydrous stress: Notion defined by the United Nations Organisation to appoint a situation where the average available funds in water are lower than 2000 cubic meters by inhabitants and a year. Below this threshold, shortages can appear. This causes problems for the agriculture in summer because of the lake of water and tourism uses a lot of water which is not very good for the environment. -Marbellisation: Process which owes its name to the Spanish sea resort of Marbella . The coast is continuously concreted by big collective buildings intended to welcome the mass tourism. -Maritime front: Group constituted by a coast which arranges multiple ports, realizing an important part of the regional exchanges, and by its hinterland which participates in these exchanges and takes advantage of it. -Relocation: Term used to qualify the process of opening of production units in the countries of the South to underestimate production costs. -Cleavage, gap: Strong opposition between two spaces, from a demographic, cultural, economic, political point of view, etc.... -Financial platform: Space where the dominant activities are financial (banks, insurances, stock exchange) -Loss of weight of coast: Removal of a part, or a totality of the sand of a beach by sea currents or by storms, mostly further to an excessive urbanization. -PSEM: Country of the South and the East of the Mediterranean Sea. This abbreviation recovers the countries of the Northeast, southeast and southwest quarters of the dock, not belonging to the European Union. -Soil erosions: Digging of profound channels by waters of streaming on a sloping ground, making it unfits to carry vegetation.

The Mediterranean Sea: a zone of disparities? A North/ South divide or a partnership union? A) A zone of disparities: 1) Inequalities of development: Human Development Index: calculated starting from the gross domestic product per inhabitant, the life expectancy, elimination of illiteracy and average schooling. He is expressed between 0 and 1. With it we can note inequalities between the various countries which border the same Mediterranean even if the average remains high. 2) Old oppositions: Roman empire, crusades, colonization: many slaughters have created tensions which persist (as between France and Algeria). There are 4 logics of tension: -Inequalities: migration of populations towards the rich countries, racism of the developed countries…. - The claims of the separatists or independents: Kurds who want a country, the Western Sahara which wants to be independent…. - Religious antagonisms: Christian Egypt and Muslim Egypt, Christian Sunnites and Christians Shiites in Lebanon -The domination, supremacy and the wealth: hydro-conflicts, the Western Sahara asserts its independence but some countries are interested by the wealth and refuse this independence. B) A region of exchanges: 1) A sea to exchange: The Mediterranean Sea is a place of secondary exchanges compared to the oceans but it was number 1 before the discovery of America. Ports are less busy and less large than the other ports of the world however the containers revolutionized the worldwide economy and have given again traffic in the Mediterranean. Large maritime circuit connection rejoining the continents pass by the Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean Sea is a waterway 2) Economic flows: There are dissymmetrical uneven exchanges: -south towards north there are the exchanges of products goods manufactures has with low value added. -North towards the south: one can observe delocalization, foreign direct investments, exchanges of products manufactures has strong added value. It should be noted that these exchanges are done especially between Europe and Maghreb. There are also exchanges of capital which is made on punts financial forms like Cyprus or Monaco fiscal paradise. 3) A touristic area:

The Mediterranean basin is the first tourist zone of the world which accounts for 1/3 of the receipts of the world, approximately 2 millions tourists/year. Still there are disparities between the developed countries and the countries in the process of development. 4) A zone of migrations: The Mediterranean is also an old zone of migrations. The host countries are often the rich countries: they are the grounds of emigration. The origin countries are generally in the process of development To conclude economic, migratory, and tourism flows show that the Mediterranean Sea is an interface.

This document brings to light social disparities, because the infant mortality rate is a criterion allowing estimating the level of medical health services frame (doctors, maternity...) of the country, the educational level of the women and their coverage. We thus notice in the Mediterranean Sea strong differences according to banks because in the North, the rates are always lower than 15 % even in 5 % while on South coasts the rates are superior to 15 % even in 30 %. The North / South limit of development justifies itself.

This Italian port is equipped to welcome container ship (cranes, storage). It is recent (geometrical shape) and connected with the distribution networks (roads, railroad)