UITP BUS COMMITTEE SINCE 1ST MEETING IN BRUSSELS 1960 TO 100TH MEETING IN PRAGUE 2016
CONTENTS
BUSES AND TROLLEYBUSES IN UITP’S HISTORY… AND BEYOND SEARCHED, SELECTED AND COMPILED FROM UITP’S ARCHIVE AT THE OCCASION OF THE 100TH BUS COMMITTEE MEETING
1. UITP’S MILESTONES ....................................................................................................... 3 2. BUS AND TROLLEYBUS TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTS FROM THE BEGINNINGS ................................................................................................. 5 3. BUSES WITHIN THE ASSOCIATION BEFORE THE BUS COMMITTEE ........................... 8
Travelling through history and UITP’s archives is always a rich experience as it reveals the evolution of transport modes, habits and ideas. This is also true for buses and trolleybuses. We hope that this non exhaustive material put together for the 100th meeting of the Bus Committee of UITP’s Bus Division will make you discover those invaluable archives.
• CONGRESS REPORTS AND ARTICLES 1885-1960 ..................................................... 9 4. BUS COMMITTEE – THE ROUTE FROM 1960 TO 2016 ................................................. 10 • BUS CONFERENCES .................................................................................................. 10 • CONGRESS REPORTS SINCE 1961 ............................................................................ 10 5. BUS COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN ........................................................................................ 12 6. HISTORY LIST OF ALL BUS COMMITTEE MEETING PLACES ...................................... 13
UITP’S MILESTONES 1885 - 17 August, foundation of the « Union Internationale Permanente de Tramways » 63 companies from 9 countries interested in the project, including 55 operators. 44 delegates participate in the first meeting in Brussels during which Gustave Michelet presents for the first time the objectives of the new association. 1886 - First Congress takes place in Berlin, with 110 participants from 6 countries. Gustave MICHELET (Tramways Bruxellois) is elected as the first President with J FISCHERDICK (Grosse Berliner Pferde-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft) as Vice-President and Fernand NONNENBERG as the first Secretary General. Rules are adopted as well as the official languages, French and German. Brussels selected as the official location of the association 1914 - The 18th Congress that was planned to take place in Budapest is cancelled due to the outbreak of the First World War. No other congress will take place until 1922 and the activities of the association will be reduced. 1922 - A new association is founded with members of allied and neutral nations. A new name is chosen “Union internationale des tramways, de chemins de fer d'intér t local et de transports publics automobiles" to take into account the rapid emergence of the bus.
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3
1927 - An important meeting is held in Basel (Switzerland) during which members of the Union and members of the ”Internationaler Strassenbahn- und Kleinbahn- Verein” (the nations excluded post-war) decide to reconstitute the association to its pre-1914 status. The German language is reintroduced as an official language and the decision is also taken to open communications and published reports to other languages (mainly English).
BUS AND TROLLEYBUS TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTS FROM THE BEGINNINGS…
The 50th anniversary of the Union is celebrated during a special meeting held in Brussels in 1935. The meeting is held in the presence of HM King Leopold III of Belgium in the presence of some 1,500 delegates. In 1939, the association adopts a new name “International Union of Public Transport - UITP” 1940 - Due to war, activities of the association are reduced to a minimum. A German administrator controls the association 1945-46 – The Belgian members of the Management Committee meet in Brussels to evaluate the future of the association. Belgian, French and British members decide that the association should continue with its activities as it did before the war. No decisions will be made regarding how to approach the German members, indeed no contact will be made with them, until peace treaties are signed 1949 - Adoption of the "Ben England" motion suggesting that "the status of member is open to all public transport companies without any discrimination". This motion opened the door to the reintegration of German and Austrian members in the association and turned UITP into a real worldwide association. After World War II, UITP gradually moves from a strongly technical focus to also deal with political issues, taking on an international and regional advocacy role in support and on behalf of the collective mobility sector 1959 – Paris, organization for the first of a major exhibition of vehicles and equipment 1960 – Birth of the International Commission for the Standardization of Motorbuses 1965 – Tel Aviv, first congress outside Europe 1965 – Commission for the Standardization of Motorbuses -> Commission for the Study of Motorbuses 1977 – Montréal, first congress organized in North America 1983 - Rio de Janeiro, first congress organized in Latin America 1985 – Brussels, commemoration of the 100 years of existence of the association 1989 – Commission for the Study of Motorbuses -> UITP Bus Committee 1993 – Sydney, first congress organized in Oceania 2001 – London, statutory reform: creation Bus Division (Bus Assembly + Bus Committee) 2011 – Dubai, first congress in the MENA region 2014 – Abu Dhabi - Birth of the Trolleybus Committee 2016 – Prague – 100th Bus Committee
1830 (since) – United Kingdom, France… use of steam buses 1886 - Karl BENZ patents the first successful gasoline-driven automobile, the “Benz Patent Motorwagen” (built for the first time in 1885) and designs its first truck in 1889 1890’s - Rudolf Diesel develops a high-speed compression ignition engine 1895 – An adapted Benz truck is used by the “Netphener Omnibus-Gesellschaft” 1898 - First internal combustion enginepowered buses in operation (United Kingdom 1898, Germany 1903, New York 1905, Paris 1906…) 1902 - First trolleybus line in operation in Germany 1920-21 - Pneumatic tires used for buses and first Diesel motors for bus propulsion 1929 - The first articulated bus enters in service
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5
1930-1950’s - The trolleybuses experiences a golden age with major developments in the UK, France, Brazil, USSR, Germany and Switzerland 1930’s - Growing importance of the bus mode revolutionizes urban services (replacing numerous tramway networks) and offers the possibility to greatly improve services in rural areas 1942 - France, definition of standard trolleybuses (type A to D according to their length) 1945 - After the war, the tramway decline continues particularly in North America although it is maintained and even developed in some European countries like Switzerland, Germany, USSR and Austria… The bus benefits as a result After the 1950s, public transport sees a general decline due to the continued increase in private car traffic and lack of interest from public authority’s trolleybuses, which are considered too costly and insufficiently flexible, are replaced by buses 1952 - First modern articulated buses and trolleybuses
1967 - Development by the VÖV (Germany) of a standard urban bus (SL 1) that enters service in 1968 1973 - Development of a standard regional bus concept in Germany 1978 - Development of the dual-mode trolleybus 1983 - Second generation of standard buses developed in Germany 1986 – “O-Bahn” busway opens in Adelaide 1989 - Presentation of the concept for a low-floor standard bus 2000’s - The “Bus Rapid Transit” concept develops on a large scale, based on pioneering experiences from Curitiba (1974, 1979-1980), Ottawa (Transitway - 1983) and Adelaide (O-Bahn – 1986). Diversification of new fuels for buses; clean fuels, hybrid buses, fuel cells, electromobility … to cope with future fossil fuel shortages 2001 – European directive on buses (2001/85/ EC) accessible bus and passenger safety
1958 – Flywheel operational tests in Léopoldville and in Switzerland 1965 - The first new standard urban buses designed by RATP and UTPUR are on the French roads
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BUSES WITHIN THE ASSOCIATION BEFORE THE BUS COMMITTEE Mainly based on rail activities in the first years of its existence, the association looks at the road sector for the first time in a report published for the Congress held in Munich in September 1908 entitled « Avantages et inconvénients des autobus ; leurs résultats d’exploitation » (MAUCLERE - Paris).
Madrid, 1953 – “Organisation of repair-shops and depots: motorbuses and trolleybuses” (L Lagarrigue) and “Rolling stock: trends in motorbus construction” (A A M Durrant) Naples, 1955 – “Use of trailers for buses and trolleybuses; articulated vehicles” (O Miescher)
Between 1908 and 1960, 28 congress reports will be devoted to buses and 12 to trolleybuses.
Hamburg – Berlin, 1957 – “Latest progress in motorbus construction and present trends” (L Lagarrigue)
Paris, 1924 – « Le moteur pratique des transports publics automobiles » (BONHOMME Paris)
Paris, 1959 – “Trends in motorbus construction” (E R L Fitzpayne – W M Little)
Barcelona, 1926 - « Aménagement technique de l’autobus » (Chauchat) and « Disposition des carrosseries d’autobus » (De Croës – Bruxelles) Rome, 1928 - « Agent de force motrice pour transports automobiles » (Guiffart) Warsaw, 1930 – three reports dealing with « Emploi de moteurs huile lourde sur voies ferrées et sur routes » (H Arnold et F Eichelhardt), the « Perfectionnements apportés dans la construction du matériel roulant sur voies ferrées et sur routes en vue d’augmenter le confort des voyageurs… » (P Kremer) and the « Comparaison des transports en commun, chemins de fer d’intér t local, tramways, omnibus automobiles, entre eux et avec les transports particuliers… » (P. Nestrypke) The Hague, 1932 – Many reports are at the menu : « Exploitation par trolleybus » (Ch Harmel - R Vente), « Horaires économiques pour tramways et lignes d’autobus sur les sections o il y a une circulation tr s dense… » (Nieuwenhuis), « Comparaison des transports en commun, chemins de fer d’intér t local, tramways, omnibus automobiles – le rail et la route » (P Jourdain), and the « Meilleures dispositions adopter pour la carrosserie des automobiles des transports en commun, tant urbains que ruraux » (Ponset - Métayer). Berlin, 1934 – For the first, reports are translated in English : « Tramways – Autobus – Trolleybus ; essais de coordination et résultats financiers » (R Vente), « Emploi des métaux légers dans la construction du matériel roulant (tramway et autobus) » (H Zehnder - A Hugh and « Utilisation du moteur Diesel ; état actuel de la question d’apr s les derni res expériences » (M Preus - R Stuart-Pilcher) Also published at the same congress but not translated: « Ateliers : disposition et organisation ; travaux d’entretien du matériel roulant. Tramways et autobus… » (J Devienne – Br Dziugiell) and « Rail et route »
Year
RBU
1908
1
1924
1
1926
2
1928
1
1930
3
1932
4
1934
4
1935 1939
2
4
1947 1
1951
1
3
1
1952
1956
5
1
1949
Zürich – Bern, 1939 – “Motorbus rolling material in all countries” (Larchier) and “Working and comparison of the various means of traction: progress and development of omnibuses in Great Britain” (J L Gunn)
ATB
1 1
12
2 2
1
2
2
1954 1955
ABU
1
2
Vienna, 1937 – « Les carburants pour moteurs d’automotrices lég res et d’autobus » (W Wilsens) and « Emploi sur les véhicules de transport en commun des moteurs huile lourde » (Vergniole)
Edinburgh, 1951 – “Power transmission from engine to wheels in motorbuses” (M Paribeni - V Leuzzi)
RTB
1937
1953
Stockholm, 1949 – “The designs of rolling stock for rapid services, speedy fare collection and reduced occupation of road surface: motorbuses” (J L Daubresse – R Dehon)
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Congress reports and articles 1885-1960
1
28
2 1
1
1957
1
1959
1
Congress reports - Bus Congress reports - Trolleybus
1960
1 28
12
5
Articles - Bus 3
Articles - Trolleybus
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BUS COMMITTEE – THE ROUTE FROM 1960 TO 2016 Bus Conferences
1995
51st
Paris The Bus Transit System - its Contribution to Promoting Mobility & Quality of Life
1997
52nd
Stuttgart Propellants of the Future
1998
Brugge
1995
Intermediate Mode of Public Transport
1999
53rd
report of Gas Buses
Toronto The development of the hybrid vehicle in Europe, The drive towards the non-polluting bus, Modular systems (Alcan), Zero emission (Evobus), Think tram - use buses (IT).
Nürnberg
1998
Diesel-Electric Buses with Hybrid Drive
Maastricht
2001
Innovation in Road Public Transport
Brisbane
2004
Bus systems driving cities forward
2000 2001
54th
London CNG & FC buses, Improving bus productivity via bus priority systems, FC buses (Evobus)
2003
55th
Madrid SORT, Transmilenio BRT Bogota, NEFLEET FC buses (Mercedes)
Bogota
2007
Bus system without limits!
Lyon
2010
Do green buses bring more customers?
Istanbul
2012
Think Bus! Cost-effectiveness of buses
Rio
2014
Grow with Bus
report of Hybrid Buses
Congress reports since 1961
10
1961
34th
Copenhagen
Air Suspension
1963
35th
Rome Characteristics of Standardised Motorbuses for Urban & Regional Passenger Transport Operation
1965
36th
Tel Aviv Use of Light Weight Metals & Plastic Materials in Motorbus Construction
1967
37th
Barcelona
Measurement of Bus Noise & Air Pollution
1969
38th
London
Standardisation of Motorbuses
1971
39th
Rome
Motorbus of Tomorrow
1973
40th
The Hague
Motorbus & Environment
1975
41st
Nice Motorbus & Man / Maintenance & Reliability of Motorbuses
1977
42nd
Montreal Development of the Bus & its Integration in Modern Transport Systems, Dial-a-Bus & Taxi Services Included
1979
43rd
Helsinki Technical & Economic Aspects of Articulated Buses
1981
44th
Dublin Comparisons of Large Capacity Buses, Progress in Standardisation
1983
45th
Rio de Janeiro Simple & Reliable Buses for Difficult Operating Conditions
1985
46th
Brussels The Motorbus in the year 2000 / Recommendations 1985
1987
47th
Lausanne Optimisation & Bus Maintenance by Computer, Optimum Size of Small Buses
1989
48th
Budapest Buses & Environment: Reducing Exhaust Pollution Maintenance within the Undertaking?
1991
49th
Stockholm
1993
50th
Sydney Thoughts on the Economics of Buses: Acquisition, Operation, Service Life
Defining the Low-Floor Bus
Bus evolution et standardisation / 1978
European Bus of the Future / 2006
Bus Tendenzen / 1987
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HISTORY LIST OF ALL BUS COMMITTEE MEETING PLACES
BUS COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN 1. C GUZZANTI – Azienda Tramvie e Autobus del Comune di Roma (ATAC) - Rome 2. Yves SAVARY – Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP) - Paris 3. André BRECHBÜHL – Verkehrsbetriebe der Stadt Zürich (VBZ) - Zurich 4. Claus LUND – Hovedstadsomradets Trafikselskab (HT) - Copenhagen 5. Jean-Claude MOQUET - Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP) - Paris 6. Simon BROWN – London Buses Limited – London 7. Henk WALING – Noord-Zuid-Hollandse Vervoer Maatschappij (NZH) – Haarlem 8. Oscar SBERT LOZANO – Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB) – Barcelone 9. Ezio CASTAGNA – CTM S.p.A. – Cagliari 10. Thierry WAGENKNECHT – Transports Publics Genevois (TPG) – Geneva 11. Mike WESTON – Transport for London (TfL) – London
1
5
10
12
2
7
11
3
8
4
9
NO.
CITY
DATE
CHAIRMAN
1 meeting
Brussels
11 October 1960
C. GUZZANTI
2 meeting
Brussels
20 December 1961
C. GUZZANTI
3 meeting
Brussels
21 February 1962
C. GUZZANTI
4 meeting
Pisa
5 June 1962
C. GUZZANTI
5 meeting
Paris
5 November 1962
C. GUZZANTI
6 meeting
Edinburgh
11-12 June 1963
C. GUZZANTI
7 meeting
Taormina
9-10 December 1963
C. GUZZANTI
8 meeting
Brussels
20 January 1964
C. GUZZANTI
9 meeting
Bern
26-27 May 1964
C. GUZZANTI
10 meeting
Pisa
14-15 December 1964
C. GUZZANTI
11 meeting
Hamburg
7-8 October 1965
C. GUZZANTI
12 meeting
Lyon-Paris
25-28 April 1966
C. GUZZANTI
13 meeting
Rome
19-21 October 1966
C. GUZZANTI
14 meeting
Brussels
15-16 February 1967
C. GUZZANTI (deputy M. FLONER)
15 meeting
Leyland
7-8 November 1967
C. GUZZANTI (deputy W. LITTLE)
16 meeting
Hamburg
2-3 April 1968
C. GUZZANTI
17 meeting
Turin
4-5 December 1968
C. GUZZANTI
18 meeting
Stockholm
10-11 June 1969
C. GUZZANTI
19 meeting
Madrid
15-16 October 1969
C. GUZZANTI
20 meeting
Paris
5-6 May 1970
C. GUZZANTI (deputy A. FLURY)
21 meeting
New York
19-22 October 1970
C. GUZZANTI (deputy A. FLURY)
22 meeting
Rotterdam
22-23 June 1971
Yves SAVARY
23 meeting
Edinburgh
7-8 September 1971
Yves SAVARY
24 meeting
Brussels
7-8 December 1971
Yves SAVARY
25 meeting
Hamburg
30-31 May 1972
Yves SAVARY
26 meeting
Prague
28-29 September 1972
Yves SAVARY
27 meeting
Florence
19-20 June 1973
Yves SAVARY
28 meeting
Geneva
27-28 November 1973
Yves SAVARY
29 meeting
Paris
4-5 April 1974
Yves SAVARY
30 meeting
Barcelona
8-9 October 1974
Yves SAVARY
13
14
31 meeting
Edinburgh
2-3 September 1975
Yves SAVARY
66 meeting
Barcelona
19-21 March 1998
Simon BROWN
32 meeting
Stockholm
1-2 June 1976
Yves SAVARY
67 meeting
Florence
9-11 September 1998
Simon BROWN
33 meeting
Rotterdam
13-14 October 1976
Yves SAVARY
68 meeting
Geneva
3-5 November 1999
Henk WALING
34 meeting
Brussels
13-14 September 1977
Yves SAVARY
69 meeting
Prague
22-23 March 2000
Henk WALING
35 meeting
Budapest
6-7 April 1978
Yves SAVARY
70 meeting
Avignon
19-20 October 2000
Henk WALING
36 meeting
Hamburg
7-8 September 1978
Yves SAVARY
71 meeting
Berlin
25-26 September 2001
Henk WALING
37 meeting
Zürich
27-28 September 1979
André BRECHBÜHL
72 meeting
Belfast
21-22 March 2002
Henk WALING
38 meeting
Paris
27-28 March 1980
André BRECHBÜHL
73 meeting
Cagliari
24-25 October 2002
Henk WALING
39 meeting
Edinburgh
23-24 October 1980
André BRECHBÜHL
74 meeting
Lüdenscheid
26-28 March 2003
Henk WALING
40 meeting
Stockholm
3-4 September 1981
André BRECHBÜHL
75 meeting
Trieste
2-3 October 2003
Oscar SBERT LOZANO
41 meeting
Rotterdam
4-5 March 1982
André BRECHBÜHL
76 meeting
Amsterdam
1-2 April 2004
Oscar SBERT LOZANO
42 meeting
Salzburg
13-15 October 1982
André BRECHBÜHL
77 meeting
Riga
3-5 November 2004
Oscar SBERT LOZANO
43 meeting
Brussels
1 December 1982
André BRECHBÜHL
78 meeting
Marseilles
20-22 April 2005
Oscar SBERT LOZANO
44 meeting
Barcelona
22-23 September 1983
André BRECHBÜHL
79 meeting
London
12-14 October 2005
Oscar SBERT LOZANO
45 meeting
Cumbria
12-13 April 1984
André BRECHBÜHL
80 meeting
Budapest
5-7 April
Oscar SBERT LOZANO
46 meeting
San Remo
13-14 September 1984
André BRECHBÜHL
81 meeting
Vienna
11-13 October
Oscar SBERT LOZANO
47 meeting
Budapest
12-13 September 1985
André BRECHBÜHL
82 meeting
Barcelona
16-17 April
Oscar SBERT LOZANO
48 meeting
Brussels
17-18 April 1986
André BRECHBÜHL
83 meeting
Verona
21-23 November
Ezio CASTAGNA
49 meeting
Bremen
4-5 September 1986
André BRECHBÜHL
84 meeting
Warsaw
14-16 May
Ezio CASTAGNA
50 meeting
Venise
7-8 September 1987
Claus LUND
85 meeting
Paris
1-3 October
Ezio CASTAGNA
51 meeting
Paris
24-25 March 1988
Claus LUND
86 meeting
Prague
1-3 April
Ezio CASTAGNA
52 meeting
Copenhagen
01-02 September 1988
Claus LUND
87 meeting
Porto
23-24 September
Ezio CASTAGNA
53 meeting
Zürich
01-02 September 1989
Claus LUND
88 meeting
Geneva
14-16 April
Ezio CASTAGNA
54 meeting
Rotterdam
22-23 March 1990
Jean Claude MOQUET
89 meeting
Luxemburg
13-15 October
Ezio CASTAGNA
55 meeting
Milan
6-7 September 1990
Jean Claude MOQUET
90 meeting
Cagliari
28-29 April
Ezio CASTAGNA
56 meeting
Hamburg
5-6 September 1991
Jean Claude MOQUET
91 meeting
Berlin
5-7 October
Thierry WAGENKNECHT
57 meeting
London
23-26 February 1992
Jean Claude MOQUET
92 meeting
stanbul
18 April
Thierry WAGENKNECHT
58 meeting
Paris
2-3 September 1992
Jean Claude MOQUET
93 meeting
Brussels
16 October
Thierry WAGENKNECHT
59 meeting
Salzburg
30-31 August 1993
Jean Claude MOQUET
94 meeting
Madrid
18 April
Thierry WAGENKNECHT
60 meeting
Utrecht
15-16 March 1994
Simon BROWN
95 meeting
Bologna
23-24 October
Thierry WAGENKNECHT
61 meeting
Budapest
24-25 October 1994
Simon BROWN
96 meeting
Copenhagen
22-23 May
Thierry WAGENKNECHT
62 meeting
Bruges
30-31 August 1995
Simon BROWN
97 meeting
Rio
7 November
Thierry WAGENKNECHT
63 meeting
Porto
27-28 March 1996
Simon BROWN
98 meeting
Milan
7 June
Thierry WAGENKNECHT
64 meeting
Copenhagen
23-24 September 1996
Simon BROWN
99 meeting
Manchester
19-20 November
Mike WESTON
65 meeting
Milan
11-12 September 1997
Simon BROWN
100 meeting
Prague
12-13 May
Mike WESTON
15
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